To create a good quality of generation, education must be carried out from an early age, in this case through Early Childhood Education (PAUD), namely education aimed at children from birth to the age of six. Quality education is not only seen from the quality of its graduates, but also includes how schools are able to meet customer needs in accordance with applicable quality standards. Principals are required to have the right leadership and strategy to increase the professionalism of teaching staff in their schools, so they are able to create a conducive school climate, provide advice to school members, provide encouragement to all teaching staff and implement an interesting learning model. In addition to carrying out its functions, the principal has the task of developing a strategy and mission so that he knows which way to go and knows how to get there in order to achieve the operational goals of an educational institution. In improving the quality of education the principal must improve the quality of a teacher in order to achieve a better quality of education. Make a program in one academic year, in the form of an annual program and a semester program. Adding infrastructure so that the teaching and learning process can run well.

The purpose of this study is to develop flashcard media for introducing the culture of Central Java. This study also used development research (R&D), which was carried out in two trials, namely the one-to-one trial and the small group trial. The subjects in this study were to get to know the culture of the Central Java region, while the objects in this study were 10 students. The data were collected using guidelines in the form of observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The analysis used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Flashcard media developed through a series of trials and validations is declared feasible. The results of the one-to-one trial get a percentage of 87.50%, and the results of the small group trial get a percentage of 83.60%; both categories are very good or very decent. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Flashcard media is appropriate for use in learning to introduce Central Java regional culture to students.

This research is to produce inquiry-based mechanics teaching materials to train critical thinking skills of Physics FKIP students, Pattimura University, Ambon. The research design used the Kemp model (1994) and the learning process was packaged in an inquiry setting with a total sample size of 26 students in the 2020/2021 school year. The data collected were in the form of teaching material validation data, critical thinking skills test instrument validation data, critical thinking skills data, and student response data. The data analysis techniques used include: qualitative descriptive analysis including: the results of validation of teaching materials, the results of instrument validation tests of critical thinking skills, the results of critical thinking skills, and the results of student responses. The results showed that: 1) the validity of the student teaching materials developed was categorized as valid; 2) the validity of the developed critical thinking skills test instrument was categorized as valid; 3) in the percentage of critical thinking skills there is an increase in value from pretest to posttest by more than 40%; 4) Student responses to teaching materials and the implementation of learning are very positive and the lowest percentage is obtained, namely 85% satisfaction with a very good assessment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the development of inquiry-based mechanics teaching materials can train critical thinking skills of Physics FKIP students, Pattimura University, Ambon.