<p>Talas (Colocasia esculenta L.) merupakan salah satu makanan pokok penduduk asli Papua dan tersebar di hampir semua wilayah Papua. Untuk menjaga kelestarian dan mencegah punahnya aksesi lokal talas, BPTP Balitbangtan Papua melakukan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi sumber daya genetik (plasma nutfah) talas di enam kecamatan yang menyebar di empat kabupaten/kota dan terkumpul sepuluh aksesi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengoleksi dan mengarakterisasi aksesi talas lokal Papua. Kegiatan terdiri dari koleksi, karakterisasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data awal aksesi meliputi nama lokal, manfaat bagi masyarakat lokal dan umur panen diperoleh melalui wawancara ke penduduk setempat, sedangkan pengamatan karakter tanaman dilakukan melalui karakterisasi dan dokumentasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan berdasarkan Descriptors for Taro dari International Plant Genetic Resources Institute dan Panduan Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Plasma Nutfah Talas dari Komisi Nasional Plasma Nutfah meliputi rentang tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah stolon, panjang daun, lebar daun, rasio panjang pelepah/panjang petiol, warna helai daun, warna tulang daun, pola tulang daun, bentuk permukaan helai daun, irisan melintang petiol, lapisan lilin, bentuk umbi, warna kulit ari, warna daging umbi, panjang umbi, lebar umbi, dan bobot umbi. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi diperoleh sepuluh aksesi talas lokal Papua dengan ciri-ciri umum warna batang hijau, ungu dan merah yang yang memiliki umur panen yang sama, yaitu 6–9 bulan. Warna daun dominan hijau dengan warna tulang daun yang bervariasi yaitu putih, kuning, hijau, merah muda, dan ungu. Keseluruhan pola tulang daun berbentuk ”Y” dengan bentuk permukaan helai daun secara dominan tegak dengan ujung ke bawah. Delapan aksesi memiliki irisan melintang petiol tertutup dan tidak ada lapisan lilin pada permukaan daun. Sepuluh aksesi tersebut memiliki warna daging umbi yang berbeda-beda seperti putih, krem, putih keunguan dan ungu muda. Bentuk umbi adalah silindris, elips, kerucut, dan membulat. Tujuh aksesi memiliki tinggi tanaman >1 meter, enam aksesi memiliki jumlah stolon >5 dan berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan dalam skala luas. Panjang umbi berkisar antara 10–23 cm dengan lebar 5–10 cm. Satu aksesi memiliki bobot umbi yang tergolong tinggi yaitu 800 gram dan berpotensi menghasilkan tepung yang lebih banyak.</p>
<p>Papua has very diverse genetic resources such as “gembili”. Gembili has a high spiritual and cultural value especially in Kanum tribe in Merauke. The purpose of this activity was to characterize and conserve the local gembili from Papua to provide basic information for breeding purposes. Another objective was to identify the potency of gembili as a staple food alternative for substituting the rice. Characterization was performed on eight accessions of local gembili from Papua which were explored from Merauke and Jayapura. The twenty eights characters of leaves, stems, and tubers were observed on eight accessions from Merauke and Jayapura Regency. Based on this activity there was no difference in the appearance of seven character leaves of thirteen characters observed. The appearances of gembili stems on all the observed characters were generally the same. Furthermore, the<br />appearance of tubers on ten characters showed different results. Seven accessions had the shapes of oval tubers while Orofe accession had oblong circular shape. The outer skin color of the tubers in general was brown, while the colors of the epidermis and tuber meat were varied, i.e. white (white, white-yellow, white-purple) and purple (violet, purple, red-purple). Yara Hasai accession had the highest number and weight of tubers compared to other accessions. The carbohydrates in gembili almost the same or more<br />with carbohydrates found in rice, which is 22.5–31.3%. In other words, gembili had potential as a staple food substitute for rice because of its nutritional contents.</p>
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