ABSTRAKLimbah cair tahu dari industri tahu di Kabupaten Bandung Barat memiliki kandungan senyawa organik yang tinggi. Salah satu sistem pengolahan air limbah yang dapat dilakukan secara efektif adalah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peforma terbaik SBR dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan limbah cair tahu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembibitan (seeding), aklimatisasi, dan sistem SBR dengan tahapan variasi kecepatan pengumpanan. Kecepatan pengumpanan SBR pada saat pembibitan (seeding), aklimatisasi, dan running 1 sebesar 200 ml/hari dan sebesar 400 ml/hari pada saat running 2. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh penurunan konsentrasi COD terbaik dari 8.000 mg/L menjadi 96 mg/L diperoleh pada running 1 dan penurunan konsentrasi COD dari 8.000 mg/L menjadi 160 mg/L diperoleh pada running 2. Efisiensi tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah 98,8% pada running 1 dan 98% pada running 2.Kata kunci : Limbah cair tahu, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Kecepatan Pengumpanan ABSTRACTTofu wastewater collected from the tofu industries in West Bandung Regency has a high organic content. One of the wastewater treatment systems that can be applied effectively is the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system. The purpose of this study was to find out the best performance of SBR in improving the efficiency of tofu wastewater treatment. This study conducted seeding, acclimatization, and SBR system that varied the feeding rates to find optimum value. The SBR feeding rate at the times of seeding, acclimatization, and running 1 amounted to 200 ml/day and amounted to 400 ml/day at the time of running 2. The results of this study were the best reduction in COD concentration from 8,000 mg/L to 96 mg/L obtained in the first running and reduction in COD concentration from 8,000 mg/L to 160 mg/L obtained in 2nd running. The highest efficiency produced was 98.8% on the first running 1 and 98% obtained from the 2nd running.Keywords: Tofu Wastewater, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Feeding Rates

ABSTRAK  Sifat toksik nitrogen amoniak dalam limbah cair berbahaya bagi kehidupan sehingga perlu untuk dihilangkan. Pada penelitian ini penyisihan kadar amoniak yang tinggi dalam limbah cair industri pupuk dilakukan melalui proses nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi menggunakan Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Dua reaktor SBR digunakan dimana pada reaktor pertama (R1) dilakukan pengadukan dan pada reaktor kedua (R2) dilakukan aerasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembebanan 0,787 mg amoniak/L/hari dan Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 20 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak mampu dicapai pada kisaran 71,26%-90,91% (R1) dan 62,32% -92,21% (R2). Pengukuran pH pada HRT 20 hari berada pada rentang 8,25-8,65 pada R1 dan pH 8,34-8,73 pada R2. Pada HRT 15 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak efluen pada R1 menurun yaitu dari 90,89 % menjadi 86,81% dan pada R2 menurun dari 90,59% menjadi 40,99 %. Pada HRT 15 hari, efisiensi penyisihan kadar amoniak pada R1 lebih baik dibandingkan pada R2 yang disebabkan adanya penambahan aerasi pada R1 di akhir penelitian. Kata kunci: amoniak, limbah cair, industri pupuk, sequencing batch reactor   ABSTRACT  The toxic nature of ammonia nitrogen in liquid waste is dangerous for life, so it needs to be eliminated. In this study, the removal of high ammonia levels in the fertilizer industry wastewater was carried out through a process of nitrification and denitrification using the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Two SBR reactors were used where the first reactor (R1) was stirred and the second reactor (R2) was aerated. The results showed that at a load of 0.787 mg of ammonia/L/day and 20 days of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), the efficiencies of removal of ammonia levels were achieved in the range of 71.26%-90.91% (R1) and 62.32%- 92.21% (R2). The pH measurements at 20 days of HRT were in the range of 8.25-8.65 at R1 and pH 8.34-8.73 at R2. At 15 days of HRT, the effluent ammonia level removal efficiency at R1 decreased from 90.89% to 86.81% and at R2 decreased from 90.59% to 40.99%. At 15 days of HRT, the efficiency of ammonia level removal at R1 was better than that in R2 due to the addition of aeration to R1 at the end of the study. Keywords: ammonia, liquid waste, fertilizer industry, sequencing batch reactor

Restaurant wastewater has a relatively high organic matter content, so it needs to be treated to meet the specified quality standard. One of the technologies that can be used in restaurant wastewater treatment is Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. The purpose of this study is to set up an aerobic SBR system with seeding and acclimatization treatments to reduce the amount of organic matter in restaurant wastewater when a shock load occurs. The research was done using wastewater from a restaurant in Bandung and activated sludge from the food industry in Bogor as seeds for microorganisms. In this study, the seeding process was carried out by introducing 25% activated sludge and 75% nutrients into the reactor, and the acclimatization process was carried out by introducing a specific ratio of nutrients and wastewater into the reactor gradually until the waste concentration reached 100%. The parameters tested were COD, MLVSS, DO, pH, and temperature. During the seeding procedure, the initial COD value of 3,200 mg/L declined. It began to stabilize on the seventh day, with a COD value of 1,080 mg/L. The COD removal reached a relatively stable condition in the acclimatization process starting on day 2, where COD decreased from the original 1,280 mg/L to 480 mg/L.

Biodiesel is one of alternative energies that can be used to overcome problem caused by limited amount of fossil fuels reserved. Biodiesel can be made from rubber seed oil that has high potencies in Indonesia. The availability of rubber seed is quite much with more than 3-million-hectare rubber plantation area. The production of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out by several researchers using various methods. Therefore, this study was conducted as a review to obtain optimum operation conditions and effect of antioxidant addition in biodiesel production. Production methods of biodiesel from rubber seed oil observed in this study are esterification-transesterification, one stage transesterification, and in situ transesterification methods. Types of antioxidant added to biodiesel from rubber seed oil observed are TBHQ, D-TBHQ, BHA, BHT, PG, and OG. Esterification-transesterification was chosen as the most effective method in producing biodiesel with a minimum yield of 96.4%. Antioxidant addition of TBHQ with 1000 × 10-6 (ω) dosage was selected as the most effective to increase biodiesel induction period to become 6.41 hours, fulfilling the SNI 7182-2015 standard, which is minimum of 6 hours. Standard used as the reference for observing biodiesel parameters is SNI 7182-2015.

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