The present study describes the development and validation of a new instrument to measure the well-being of Indonesian people. Items were generated by taking into account the recent cross-cultural developments in the literature. Participants (N = 1,028) from a number of provinces in Indonesia completed an online or a paper questionnaire containing a battery of measures, including the new well-being instrument. The total sample was randomly split into two equal groups. An exploratory factor analysis (n = 516) was conducted on one half to explore the factor structure of the new scale, which resulted in a 24-item scale with a fourfactor solution. The four factors were (a) Basic Needs, (b) Social Relation, (c) Acceptance, and (d) Spirituality. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the second half (n = 516), which confirmed the four-factor structure with 20 items emerging as the best and most parsimonious fit of the data. The psychometric properties of the final scale were tested on the whole sample. The new scale displayed sound internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and divergent, convergent, and discriminant validity. The scale has the potential to be used in future research which examines well-being in the Indonesia context. Future directions and limitations of the study are discussed.

Cross-cultural research suggests that wellbeing may be experienced differently by distinct populations. While research on wellbeing in non-Western populations has increased, there is limited empirical evidence regarding wellbeing in Indonesia. As the fourth largest country in the world, and with its unique socio-cultural characteristics, the potentially distinctive Indonesian experience of wellbeing has been overlooked by international scholars. The present research investigated the Indonesian perception of wellbeing using a qualitative thematic analysis approach. Thirty Indonesian adults participated in semi structured interviews which focused on their understanding and experience of wellbeing. The analysis revealed a number of keythemes: fulfilment of basic needs; social relations with family and community; and the positive world views of self-acceptance, gratitude, and spirituality as key aspects of wellbeing. Although these overarching themes are commonly reported in wellbeing research, the expression of these themes was unique to the Indonesian context. This study enriches the wellbeing literature and understanding of the experience of wellbeing in the Indonesian context and paves the ways for further research.

Teachers who have self-efficacy regarding their abilities play an important part in the educational process. The instrument “Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES)”, which consists of 24 items, measures the self-efficacy of a teacher in conducting his or her role in the classroom. This research was aimed at testing the psychometric properties of the Indonesian language version of the TSES, using Rasch testing. 245 State Primary School teachers in the Special Capital District (Daerah Khusus Ibukota - DKI) of Jakarta, Indonesia, took part in the study. Analysis results indicated that the reliability index and the separation of item and person scales of the TSES fulfil the criteria well. In the study of the structure of the organisation of the instrument, tests of the unidimensional quality and accuracy of the items/models showed they fulfil the conditions for measurement by Rasch modelling. In the rating scale, data analysis indicated the necessity of simplification of the range of response choices, and also of the variation in the difficulty of the items, which is not very uniform, so that a large proportion of respondents were not easily measurable, via this instrument. The results of the research indicated two items which showed bias, when dealt with by different groups of respondents. Based upon the information resulting from this testing, this script discusses recommendations for the modification of the Indonesian language version of the TSES instrument, with the aim of producing an instrument having good psychometric qualities, to measure the self-efficacy of teachers.   Guru yang mempunyai efikasi diri akan kemampuannya merupakan bagian penting dalam proses pendidikan. Instrumen Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), yang berisi 24 butir, mengukur efikasi diri seorang guru dalam menjalankan perannya di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji properti psikometrik TSES versi Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan pemodelan Rasch. Sebanyak 245 orang guru SD Negeri di DKI Jakarta berpartisipasi dalam studi ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan indeks reliabilitas serta separasi item dan person skala TSES memenuhi kriteria yang baik. Dalam kajian struktur penyusun instrumen, uji unidimensionalitas dan ketepatan butir-model memenuhi syarat dalam pengukuran pemodelan Rasch. Dalam hal skala peringkat (rating scale), analisis data menunjukkan perlunya penyederhanaan rentang pilihan jawaban; juga variasi tingkat kesulitan butir yang tidak terlalu beragam sehingga sebagian besar responden tidak dapat terukur dengan baik melalui instrumen ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan dua butir yang memiliki bias ketika di kerjakan oleh kelompok responden yang berbeda. Berdasarkan informasi hasil pengujian tersebut, tulisan ini membahas usulan modifikasi instrumen TSES versi Bahasa Indonesia dengan tujuan menghasilkan instrumen efikasi diri guru yang memiliki properti psikometrik yang baik.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of perceptions of caregiver strain and psychological well-being of wives or husbands as providers of care for his partner who had a stroke. Field studies in this research lasted from April to June 2013. This study using quantitative methods with ex post facto research design and using accidental sampling techniques. Participants in this study amounted to 37 wives or husbands of stroke patients who have taken role as spouse caregiver for at least 3 months. The participants were found at the clubs stroke and stroke rehabilitation center in Jakarta. The data was collected using a measuring instrument that has been adapted into Indonesian. The Modified Caregiver Strain Index is consisting of 13 items and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale consisting of 54 items. Based on the results of the data, obtained value of F = 0.085, p = 0.772> 0:05 (not significant) and the value effect (Adjusted R Square) 2.6%. So that it can be concluded that there is no significant effect of Perception Towards Caregiver strain on psychological well-being by by wives or husbands who became spouse caregiver for their partner who had suffered from stroke. Keywords: Caregiver strain, Spouse caregiver, Stroke patients, Psychological well-being.

The current study examined a predictive model of both universal factors (socioeconomic, neuroticism, and extraversion) and culturally specific factors (sense of community, trust, and self‐construal) towards the well‐being of Indonesians. A nationally representative sample (N = 929) was recruited across the nation to complete a survey in either online or offline format. The survey contained a measure of well‐being as well as demographic, psychosocial, and cultural variables. Analysis via hierarchical multiple regression showed that both universal and cultural factors were associated with well‐being in this Indonesian sample. In particular, once the cultural factors were added to the model, there were changes in universal factor effects to well‐being. The finding of this study recognized the multidimensional model of well‐being and supports the importance of evaluating well‐being at the dimensional level to allow for an exploration of the nuanced relationship between distinct indicators and facets of well‐being. The theoretical implications of these results and future directions were also discussed in this study.