The empirical literature provides strong evidence supporting the relation of various innovation activities, including business innovation. The literature, however, continues to be limited in the context of developing countries, especially considering different types of business innovations. The aim of the present research is to fill the gap in the literature concerning the impact of research and development (R&D) cooperation and various types of investments in innovation for the creation of sustainable business innovation in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Particular emphasis in this study is placed on the differences in types of business innovations. The research is based on cross-sectional data (n = 406) collected by the CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview) method in a Polish peripheral region (Subcarpathian Voivodeship). To examine the relation between different innovation activities and the creation of business innovation, logistic regression was employed. The results show that the outputs of both R&D cooperation and investments are highly dependent on the innovation type. The outcomes suggest that R&D cooperation might be a driver of the implementation of development activities and organizational innovation, while the expenditures on machinery and equipment lead to a greater probability for the implementation of process innovation and development activities. We also found that expenditures on marketing activities and investments in the implementation of new solutions may have an impact on business innovation implementation.

No abstract

Nowadays, the traditional ways of job seeking have become less popular than digital methods. Recruitment websites are more attractive to job seekers since they provide easy, convenient access to a greater number of job vacancies. The biggest disadvantage, however, is that job vacancies published online are often unstructured and confusing. Studies related to online job vacancies are usually restricted to a short duration and a small number of recruitment websites. Such studies frequently use proxies for skills and occupations, or aggregate them into wider groups. The aim of our research is to provide full educational characteristics of job vacancies in Poland and calculate a complete list of educational mismatches. We introduce an approach that includes stages of source selection; data collection; and extraction of occupations, qualifications, and skills. We describe difficulties with data scraping and ways to overcome them. Thanks to our large dataset, we are able to determine and describe the labour demand. We also show the results of a survey that estimates educational traits of the labour supply. To measure mismatch between education and labour supply and demand, we use structural compliance indices. The paper also offers a case study for chosen occupational groups. Our findings reveal the greatest mismatch is in education and job-related skills, with the least mismatch occurring between geographic regions.