BackgroundMalaria in Peru is concentrated in the Amazon region, especially in Loreto, and transmission is focused in rural and peri-urban communities. The government has approved a malaria elimination plan with a community approach and seeks to reduce the risk of transmission through preventive interventions, but asymptomatic and low-parasite-density infections are challenges for disease control and elimination. IgG antibodies play a critical role in combating infection through their ability to reduce parasitaemia and clinical symptoms. In particular, IgG subclasses have important roles in controlling malaria disease and may provide new insight into the development of malaria control strategies and understanding of malaria transmission. Through the use of excreted-secreted antigens from Plasmodium falciparum, were evaluated the responses of the four IgG subclasses in symptomatic and asymptomatic malarial infections.ResultsHigher levels of whole IgG were observed in asymptomatic carriers (P < 0.05). IgG3 and IgG1 were the most prevalent subclasses and did not show differences in their antibody levels in either type of carrier. All symptomatic carriers were positive for IgG4, and the presence of IgG3 and IgG2 were correlated with protection against parasitaemia. IgG2 showed lower prevalence and antibody titers in comparison to other subclasses.ConclusionsThis is the first study that characterizes the IgG subclass response in the Peruvian Amazon, and these results show that even in populations from regions with low malaria transmission, a certain degree of naturally acquired immunity can develop when the right antibody subclasses are produced. This provides important insight into the potential mechanisms regulating protective immunity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2471-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Se describe un neonato con Síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa, de sexo masculino, nacido de 36 semanas de gestación y pesó 3 650 g al nacer. El examen clínico mostró un neonato con un abdomen globuloso, con redundancia de la piel que huelga a los costados rebosantes, la palpación del abdomen no descubre la tonalidad muscular. No se palpa visceromegalia y hay presencia normal de ruidos hidroaéreos. El examen físico del tórax y cardiovascular fueron aparentemente normales. Normocéfalo y facies no peculiar. La radiografía de tórax muestra dextrocardía. La ecografía renal mostró dilatación pielocalicial. Revela además criptorquidia bilateral.
RESUMENObjetivos. Determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de los recién nacidos con malaria congénita en el Hospital de Apoyo de Iquitos en la Amazonía peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. De enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2013 se estudiaron 14 017 recién nacidos y a sus madres, de quienes se seleccionaron 52 portadoras de malaria gestacional mientras que a sus recién nacidos se les hospitalizó en el Servicio de Neonatología del hospital, y fueron sometidos a evaluación clínica y estudios de laboratorio. Resultados. La frecuencia de malaria gestacional fue de 0,4% y una proporción de malaria congénita de 9,6%. Plasmodium vivax fue hallado en 80% de casos de malaria gestacional y en 60% de malaria congénita. Se observó un caso de óbito fetal con gota gruesa positiva para Plasmodium falciparum. El cuadro clínico en recién nacidos fue fiebre, hipoactividad, irritabilidad y pobre succión. Conclusiones. Se documenta la presencia de malaria congénita en recién nacidos de madres con malaria gestacional. El cuadro clínico se asemeja a una sepsis neonatal. El diagnóstico precoz de malaria congénita y el tratamiento oportuno cursan con buena evolución. Palabras clave: Malaria por Plasmodium vivax; Malaria por Plasmodium falciparum; Cloroquina (fuente: DeCS BIREME). CONGENITAL MALARIA IN A HOSPITAL IN IQUITOS, PERU ABSTRACTObjectives. To determine the frequency and clinical features of newborns with congenital malaria in the Hospital de Apoyo of Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon. Materials and methods. Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study. From January 2011 to December 2013, 14.017 newborns and their mothers were studied, of whom 52 carriers of gestational malaria were selected while their infants were hospitalized in the Neonatology Unit, and underwent clinical assessment and laboratory studies. Results. Gestational malaria frequency was 0.4% and a proportion of 9.6% of congenital malaria. Plasmodium vivax was found in 80% of cases of gestational malaria and in 60% of congenital malaria. A case of fetal death with positive thick blood smear for Plasmodium falciparum was observed. The clinical presentation in newborns was fever, hypoactivity, irritability and poor suction. Conclusions. The presence of congenital malaria in infants born to mothers with gestational malaria is documented. The clinical picture resembled neonatal sepsis. Early diagnosis of congenital malaria and timely treatment present with good evolution. Key words: Plasmodium vivax malária; Plasmodium falciparum malária; Chloroquine (source: MeSH NLM). INTRODUCCIÓNLa malaria congénita (MC) es una infección de transmisión transplacentaria, la mayoría de los casos son causados por Plasmodium falciparum y por Plasmodium vivax. Las manifestaciones clínicas que presenta el recién nacido se aemeja a un cuadro de sepsis neonatal, con alza térmica, hipoactividad, irritabilidad y rechazo a la lactancia (1) . Se puede determinar la presencia de Plasmodium en el recién nacido tan temprano como el día en qu...
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