Spontaneous speech samples from children during the period of transition from one word to multi-word utterances in interaction with their French-speaking mothers were explored in order to study the appearance and development of functional changes in their use of language. Two types of such change were noted in the longitudinal records of four children when they were still essentially one-word speakers: the beginnings of references to the past, and the appearance of explanations and justifications, especially in communicative situations of request and refusal. The co-appearance of these behaviours is discussed in relation to two more general developmental changes: a detachment from the immediately perceptible situation linked to a further elaboration of the signifier-signified relation, and a socio-cognitive development leading to a view of the interlocutor as an alter ego, as a person whose psychological states may be different from the child's own.
Href expost d'une approche piagttienne B l'ttude de l'acquisition du langage.Certains principes de base de la psychologie ginitique qui s'appliquent igalement B ce domaine sont rappelts. La mtthode d'intenogation qui en dtcoule est prtsentte ainsi que les raisons qui ont ameni les auteurs B envisager I'itude de l'acquisition de certaines structurations linguistiques B travers des ipreuves de comprthension, de production et de rtppttition. La technique a pour but de saisir les changements qualitatifs dans les riponses des enfants (de 4 B 9 ans), dont on connait le niveau de dtveloppement cognitif, dttermint par des ipreuves propres B la psychologie gtnitique. A titre d'exemple une recherche rtcente est britvement discutpte. Elle porte sur la comprthension, la production et la rtppttition de phrases qui expriment une relation d'ordre temporel entre deux CvCnements. L'accent est mis sur les rtsultats obtenus dans les tpreuves de production qui sont les plus rtvilateurs du mode d'tlaboration de cette structuration. Quelques particularitis des riponses sont relevtes, qui indiquent l'importance pritie par les sujets aux valeurs aspectuelles des formes verbales. Une interprttation qui tient compte des donntes de la psychologie gtnttique est proposte.
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