The object of this investigation was to correlate the phenomenon of solubility with the physical properties of the solute and solvent. Chlorides, bromides, and iodides of potassium and sodium were studied in an homologous series of aliphatic alcohols. The data in the literature show large discrepancies for these solubilities, and data are available only for a part of the salts.
EXPERIMENTALThe method described by Seidell (7) and Reilly (6) for determining solubilities, together with their precautions for reliable work, were used generally. In our determinations saturated solutions were obtained by agitation of the salt-alcohol mixture, in a sealed bottle suspended in a water thermostat whose temperature was controlled to 25°C. ± 0.02°. The saturated solution, after settling, was forced through a sintered-glass filter into a density tube or weighing bottle for the analysis. All reagents were transferred from one container to another without exposure to the atmosphere. The density tubes had a capacity of about 30 ml. They were of the capillary stem type and were filled with a platinum tube. The analytical equipment was all calibrated against apparatus certified by the National Bureau of Standards. The solvent was removed carefully from the weighed sample by overhead electrical heating. The warm residue was dried completely with a stream of washed dry air. About 100 ml. of the solutions which were rich in solute was used for the analysis and about 1 liter of the other solutions. When the amount of residue became so small that its weight could not be determined gravimetrically with accuracy, the halides were determined by Volhard's titrimetric method, as modified by V. Rothmund and A. Burgstaller (10).Methanol was dried by refluxing with sodium or a large excess of Drierite (anhydrous calcium sulfate) (4) for several hours before distilling off the alcohol. Absolute ethanol (8) was obtained by using barium oxide for preliminary dehydration and metallic calcium turnings for the removal
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