The current study carried out to assessment the effect of addition of low levels 0.3 and 0.6 g/kg diet of Spirulina platensis (SP) on the productive performance and economic efficiency parameters of growing Red Balady rabbits for 8 weeks. A total of 36 growing rabbits (6-week old) were randomly assigned into three dietary experimental treatments (12 rabbits of each), that was conducted from 6 to 14 weeks of age. The obtained results revealed that addition of SP to the diet of growing rabbits at level 0.6 g/kg diet led to significantly increased of growth performance parameters and improved feed conversion ratio, as well as led to insignificantly enhanced of carcass traits, and hematological and economic efficiency parameters compared to those fed the low level (0.3 g/kg diet) or those fed free SP diet. Thus, it could be concluded that the useful addition of SP for improving the productive and economic performance of growing Red Balady rabbits, especially at the tested level 0.6 g SP/kg diet.

The aim of that study was to investigate the effects of late feed restriction at finisher stage or 12 hours feed withdrawal combined with feed restriction (FR) on growth performance, carcass traits, intestinal villi histo-morphometry and economic efficiency in chicks reared under summer conditions for 42 days were evaluated. A total number of 240 unsexed one day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments. Chickens fed ad libitum during starter and grower stage, after that two feeding regimes were applied during finisher stage (29-42 d); the first regime were providing feed ad libitum, 90 %, 80 % and 70 % of ad libitum feed for treatments T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively, the second compromised 12 hours feed withdrawal (fasting) associated with FR which T5 (100 %), T6 (90 %), T7 (80 %) and T8 (70 %). Live body weight did not differ significantly at 2 and 4 week of age or at final live body weight. LBW and BWG at 4-6 week of age of broilers subjected to 12 hours feed withdrawal comes before late feed restriction (100, 90, 80 and 70 %) were greater than the counterpart treatments. There were significant differences in feed intake and FCR during finisher period and the entire the experimental period between chicks given restricted diets and the control. Significant differences were recorded in the percentage of carcass, total edible parts and abdominal fat. An inverse relationship was seen between FR and abdominal fat deposition. There were no mortalities during experimental periods. Restricted fed groups scored highest villus and depth crypts and the lower production cost. It can be concluded that birds fed on restricted diets (70 %) and feed withdrawal 12 hours before feed restriction at finisher period gave the best FCR and less expensive in production.

This experiment was performed to study the effect of adding turmeric(TU) or fenugreek seeds (FE) and both of them in laying hen diets on productive performance. A total number of 90 hens of Sinai local strains, at 59-wks-old were used, weighed individually and allotted randomly into six experimental groups, with three equal replicates, five hens each. Hens had almost similar of initial average live body weights. The 6 treatments were: control treatment (T1) fed on basal diet. The second treatment (T2) was fed on basal diet with 0.1 % turmeric powder. While third and fourth treatments (T3 and T4) supplemented with fenugreek seeds powder levels 0.1 or 0.2 % , respectively. Then, the fifth and sixth treatments (T5 and T6) were given turmeric at level 0.1 % plus 0.1 % or 0.2 % fenugreek seeds, respectively. The results showed that hen group fed on a diet supplemented with 0.1 % TU + 0.2 % FE (T6) achieved the best records of average egg numbers produced per hen and total egg number (60.3). Also, the same treatment attained higher laying rate and egg mass among experimental periods for overall period.Fenugreek seeds alone or with turmeric (T3, T4 and, T5) had positive effects on average egg weight, the heavier egg weight (53.7 g) for T4 during 71-74 wks of age compared with 50.6 g for the control treatment. Feed intake during the overall period was not significantly affected by studied feed additives. Meanwhile, T6 obtained the best FCR as compared with other treatments. Shell index, yolk index and albumin % did not significantly affect by feed supplements. There was improvement in yolk %, shell %, shell thickness and Haugh units due to evaluated additives in hen layer diets. Hens fed on diet with 0.1 % TU + 0.2 % FE (T6) recorded the highest net return and economic efficiency compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the results elucidate that adding turmeric, fenugreek or combination of them enhanced egg production, FCR and egg quality. Also, economic efficiency was improved by adding the mixture of the additives to elderly Sinai local hen diets at the late stage of productive age, 59 -74 weeks of age.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with turmeric (TU), hot pepper (HP), or a combination of them as a powder on productive performance and functional properties of table eggs local strain (Sinai strain) hens at late production phase . A total number of 105 Sinai hens, 59-wks-old were weighed individually and randomly distributed equally into seven experimental treatments of three replicates each. The experimental design consists of the following groups; the first group was fed the basal diet without studied supplements and served as a control. The second and third groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.25 % turmeric powder , respectively. The fourth and fifth groups were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2 % hot pepper, respectively. The sixth and seventh groups were fed the basal diet with 0.1 % TU + 0.1 % HP or with 0.1 % TU + 0.2 % HP, respectively. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: hen fed diet supplemented with 0.1 % TU + 0.2 % HP recorded significantly the best values of egg number / hen, the second sate achieved for birds fed on diet with 0.2 % HP. Laying rate % improved significantly by adding a mixture of turmeric and hot pepper during all experimental period. Hens received diets plus turmeric at 0.1 and 0.25 % achieved the highest egg weight. Diets supplemented with mixture of TU + HP achieved the supreme effects on egg mass g / hen at all experimental periods. However, there were no significant effect on feed intake was due to adding TU or HP or both together. While , FCR values were clearly improved significantly with added turmeric + hot pepper (T6 and T7) compared to the control group. A significant improvement was found in shell thickness and Haugh unit as affected by diet with turmeric and pepper, nevertheless, shell and yolk index and percentage didn't show a statistical change during the experimental period between treatments. Hen groups received pepper 0.2 % alone or plus 0.1 % turmeric attained the highest economic efficiency compared the rest of hen groups. Conclusively, from the present study, it could be concluded that supplementing the elderly Sinai hen diets with turmeric, hot pepper or blender of both enhanced the bioavailability of turmeric also improved the liver functions as clearly exerted by enhancing egg production significantly especially, with 0.1 % TU + 0.2 % HP which improved reproduction performance, egg quality, FCR and EEF parameters during laying period.

A 3x4 factorial design experiment was conducted to study the effect of three levels of dried alfalfa meal (0, 5 and 10%) and four levels of chromium picolinate, CrPic (0, 600, 1200 and 1800 µg/Kg diet) on performance and egg quality of Inshas layers during the period from 24 to 38 weeks of age. A total number of 216 laying hens and 36 cocks of Inshas strain at 24 weeks of age were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups (18 hens + 3 cocks / each treatment) nearly equal in average body weight and average daily egg production. Each treatment group was subdivided into three replicates (6 hens and one cock) in each. Productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, cholesterol content in blood serum, egg yolk, and liver were studied. Inclusion of 10% dried alfalfa meal in laying hen diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased body weight, egg number, egg production, egg mass, economical efficiency and exhibited the poorest feed conversion value during experimental period. In addition of 5% dried alfalfa meal in laying hen diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake during 30 to 34 weeks of age, egg yolk %, cholesterol and lipids % in blood serum, egg yolk and liver as compared with the control diet. Chromium supplementation at different levels had no effect on live body weight, while it a significant (P<0.05) increase in egg weight, fertility and hatchability percentages, egg specific gravity at 38 weeks of age and economical efficiency. However, serum cholesterol, yolk and liver cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) decreased as a result of chromium supplementation. Laying hens fed diets containing 5% alfalfa meal plus 1200 Cr µg /Kg diet recorded treatment groups. In conclusion, using 5% alfalfa meal with 1200 or 1800 µg Cr/Kg diet were beneficial in egg production and reducing egg yolk and liver cholesterol contents, and increasing the economical return.