Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world, making epidemiological monitoring of incidence, prevalence and outcome of TBI necessary. In addition, TBI in elderly patients is a neglected global disease burden. The main cause is fall, followed by motor vehicle accidents. Severe trauma in elderly population imposes a significant health care burden and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the pattern and outcome of traumatic brain injury in geriatric population in order to improve the management of geriatric trauma patients at Emergency Hospital Mansoura University. Patients and methods: This was a prospective observational clinical study, which was conducted on 206 elderly trauma patients presented and admitted to Emergency Hospital Mansoura University (a level one trauma center with about 250,000 visit and 25,000 trauma cases per year) over a year from December 2019 to December 2020. Results: Polytrauma was the commonest type with only 35% of the studied cases were isolated head injury. Most cases had multiple lesions (63.6%) with only 36.4% of which had single lesion. The majority of cases had no associated injuries, with few cases had scalp injury (16.5%) and free abdominal fluid of various degrees (27%). The average period of hospital stay was 10.42 ± 3.110, while the average period of ICU stay was 7.75 ± 4.538. The average GOS among the studied cases was 4.83 ± 2.965 and the majority of which (359%) died (grade 5). Conclusion:The current study demonstrated that, TBI in elderly cases is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate in which falling from height (FFH) was the predominant mode.

Background: Diabetic Ketoacidosis is one of the leading causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Recently, evidence suggests that procalcitonin (PCT) and lactate levels are helpful prognostic markers for diabetic ketoacidosis. Objective: To assess the PCT and serum lactate levels as predictors for morbidity and mortality in DKA patients admitted to the ICU.

Background: Carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of crucial pathogenetic factors of cerebrovascular disease, such ischemic stroke. The degree of artery stenosis has been regarded as one of the most effective criteria to assess carotid atherosclerotic severity. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) acts as an easy and noninvasive technique to research the characterization of carotid atherosclerotic lesion through echogenicity, which is referred to as the reflectance of the ultrasound signal. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in patients presenting with ischemic stroke using the noninvasive CDUS. Patients and methods: This was a cohort prospective observational clinical study conducted on a total of 80 patients with ischemic stroke, divided into two groups (no atherosclerosis n=12 and atherosclerotic cases=73). The study was conducted at Mansoura University Emergency Hospital through one year period from December 2018 to December 2019. Results: A statistically significant higher median right carotid artery intimal medial thickness among atherosclerotic than non-atherosclerotic group. A statistically significant higher median right carotid artery intimal medial thickness was detected among atherosclerotic than non-atherosclerotic group with median thickness was 0.82 and 0.515, respectively. Median plaque index was 4 ranging from 1.6 to 5.9 and incidence of left carotid artery stenosis was 78.1%. Conclusion: Multiple risk factors like age, sex and high mean arterial blood pressure are strongly associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis, so we suggest that high risk patients should be screened by Doppler ultrasonography in order to plan out medical and surgical intervention for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.