In 2021, reporting trends of World Heritage Committee indicate urban development is one of the challenges threatening theintegrity of Egypt's cultural heritage sites (CHS). Urban sprawl (US) is one of the concerns affecting the integrity of Egypt's cultural heritage monuments. The aim of this research is to identify the main driving forces (DFs) in three locations (Giza zone, Sakkara zone and Thebes zone). The amount of US growth was measured and a survey was conducted to identify the main DFs affecting US in the vicinity of CHS in Egypt. Responses were weighted using AHP method to achieve the impact ranking of DFs. To measure the US, three images for each case study were used from Google Earth in 2003-2013-2022. The results showed that from 11 DFs, availability of basic services in the vicinity of US areas has the highest impact ranking DF with 15.85%, while flat land nature, free of topographic variations has the lowest impact factor DF with 0.38%. The amount of growth from 2003-2022 in Giza, Sakkara and Thebes zones was 96.80%, 164.63%, and 81.23%, respectively. This research can be used by decision-makers as a decision support system in managing the development areas in the vicinity of CHS in Egypt.

The construction of High-Rise Buildings (HRBs) first started in the 19 th century, as a sort of vertical urban sustainable development approach trying to minimize the development environmental footprint impact. Although, the debates regarding the HRBs' pros and cons, this era has witnessed a huge boost in the construction of HRB all over the world. HRBs have transformed into an ego situation where countries not only developed ones but also developing ones have been competing against each other to develop the tallest HRB. HRBs have become a branding for the economic strength and innovative development eras of countries. HBRs have been included within new cities and added to the existing urban context, without any consideration to the ability of these areas to accommodate their social, environmental, economic, and visual impacts, especially on their direst urban context. The study aims, based on several theoretical and analytical studies, to study and record in detail the various impacts of HRBs on the urban context allocating them, based on which a computerized spatial analysis model is to be composed (HRBSAModel) using geographic information systems software (GIS) and remote sensing technology. The achieved model is expected to act as a contingency tool to mitigate the negative impacts of the existing HRB on its urban context, and as a proactive tool within the city urban design process for allocating the most sustainable location for future HRBs.