Despite the large number of synthetic macrocycles, the cubarenes, the quadrangular-shaped macrocyclic arenes, remain less investigated, possibly due either to synthetic challenges or to the lack of suitable building blocks. In this paper, a N-embedded cubarene (cub[4]indolocarbazole) is facilely synthesized by FeCl 3 •6H 2 O-catalyzed cyclization in dichloromethane. The endo cavity of cub[4]indolocarbazole can bury quaternary ammonium salts in an intramolecular manner, whereas the intermolecular interaction between its exo walls with Cu 2+ generates two-dimensional supramolecular tessellation.
This paper presents the application of a framework, proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), for standard modular simulation of semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities or fabs. The application of the proposed framework results in the identification and specification of four different elements in the context of semiconductor fabs: (1) market sector, (2) hierarchical modeling levels, (3) simulation case studies, and (4) models and data. Three examples of the application of the proposed simulation framework are presented by using three semiconductor fab models: the Mini-fab benchmark, Measurement and Improvement of Manufacturing Capacities (MIMAC) data set 1, and the Hewlett-Packard-Wein's model. In these examples, three different case studies are presented, which consisted in the evaluation of production performance under different workforces, dispatching rules, and wafer lot release rates. The proposed simulation framework is by no means considered complete, and future additions and modifications are expected. Our current and future research is focused on the improvement of the proposed framework (e.g., design and testing of generic case studies) as well as the incorporation of the work being conducted by NIST, within the NIST's System Integration of Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) program, towards the standardization of data formats for simulation in manufacturing systems.
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