Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk hasil pembuatan arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit secara aktivasi fisika, kimia dan fisika-kimia dan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi arang aktif dari cangkang kelapa sawit dalam uji adsorpsi dengan asam asetat 0,5 N. Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia, fisika, dan fisika-kimia. Pada aktivasi secara fisika dilakukan dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi menggunakan furnace yaitu pada suhu 750oC selama 3 jam. Pada aktivasi secara kimia menggunakan ZnCl2 sebagai aktifator dan direndam selama 24 jam. Aktivasi secara fisika-kimia merupakan penggabungan dari aktivasi fisika dan aktivasi kimia. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui karakteristik arang aktif dan uji kemampuan daya adsorben arang aktif terhadap asam asetat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arang aktif yang dibuat dari cangkang kelapa sawit dengan proses aktivasi secara fisika-kimia mempunyai daya jerap yang paling baik di antara arang aktif lain yang diaktivasi dengan proses fisika dan kimia. Pada waktu penjerapan 4 jam, arang aktif berdiameter 355 µm dengan aktivasi fisika-kimia mampu menjerap sebanyak 34,4% bagian dari larutan asam asetat 0,5 N.Keywords: Arang aktif, asam asetat, aktivasi, adsorpsiThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from coconut palm shell and also the performance of activated carbon for adsorption 0.5 N acetic acid solution. Activated carbon obtained from coconut palm shell was activated by chemical, physical and combination of physical and chemical methods. Physical activation was performed by heating the carbon at 750oC for 3 hours while chemical activation process was exhibited by immersing the carbon in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours. Furthermore, the combination of physical-chemical activation was gained by heating carbon at 750oC for 3 hours and then immersing in ZnCl2 solution for 24 hours.The adsorption performance of activated carbon was investigated by immersing activated carbon in 0.5 N acetic acid solution for specific time. The result showed that activated carbon which was obtained by combination of physical and chemical process was the best among the other methods that mentioned earlier. The highest adsorption capacity for 0.5 N acetic acid solution was achieved 34,4% for 4 hours by using355 µm of particle size..Keywords: activated carbon, acetic acid, activation,adsorption

Demak is an area in Indonesia with a high stunting rate of 50.28%. Mangrove fruit, a major regional commodity, should be used as a basis for Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) cookies to overcome stunting in Demak. This study was aimed to analyse the nutritional content, nutrition absorption inhibiting agents, and acceptance of mangrove fruit cookies. This research used a completely randomized sample with a one-factor design to formulate mangrove and soybean flour. The formulations used were F1 (60%: 40%), F2 (70%: 30%), F3 (80%: 20%), and F0 (100% wheat flour) as the control group. The best formula of mangrove and soybean cookies was F2 with average energy 479.44 kcal/100 g, protein 11.70 g/100 g, fat 23.93 g/100 g, carbohydrate 54.31 g/100 g, zinc 2.68 mg/100 g, iron 6.72 mg/100 g, calcium 659.03 mg/100 g, HCN 1.77 ppm, and tannin 101.9 mg/100 g. The best cookie formulation that met the SFP quality requirements was F2, with a composition of 70% mangrove fruit flour and 30% soy flour.

The method of solvothermal by one-step operation has been performed to synthesize of magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites (SB-MH). The obtained SB-MH contains 62.34% of Fe, 17.8 mmol/g of amine, and a magnetic property of 19.46 emu/g. The biocomposite surface area increased significantly from 1.617 to 25.789 m2/g after amine functionalization. The optimum condition of SB-MH used for Pb(II) ion removal was achieved at pH 5 for 360 min with adsorption capacity of 203.522 mg/g. The pseudo 2nd order was well-fitted to the model of Pb(II) ion adsorption. Meanwhile, other contaminant parameters number of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and dye in wastewater were also remarkably reduced by about 74.4%, 88.0%, and 96.7%, respectively. The reusability of SB-MH with 4th repetitions showed only a slight decrease in performance of 5%. Therefore, the proposed magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites lead to a very potential adsorbent implemented in high scale due to high surface area, easy separation, stable materials and capability to adsorb contaminants from aqueous solution.

The utilization of an appropriate catalyst in biodiesel production depends on the free fatty acid content of vegetable oil as a feedstock. Recently, heterogeneous acid catalysts are widely chosen for biodiesel production. However, these catalysts are non-renewable, highly expensive and low stability. Due to the aforementioned drawbacks of commercial heterogeneous acid catalyst, a number of efforts have been made to develop renewable green solid acid catalysts derived from biomass. Published literature revealed that the application of the biomass derived solid acid catalysts can achieve up to 98% yield of biodiesel. This article focused on corncob as raw material in solid acid catalyst preparation for biodiesel production. The efficient preparation method and performance comparation are discussed here. The corncob derived heterogeneous acid catalysts provides an environmentally friendly and green synthesis for biodiesel production.

This study was aimed to analyze the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and organoleptic properties of Nata de pina between various parts of honey pineapple variety (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. Var. Queen). This study was a two - factors randomized experimental study with variations of Nata de pina from fruit peel, fruit flesh, fruit core, and fermentation processing. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to analyze the total phenolic content and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazy (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of Nata de pina ranged from 102.37- 249.99 mg of GAE/100 g of samples while the IC50 DPPH ranged from 101.71-555.45 ppm. There was a difference of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the juice and Nata de pina produced from different parts of the fruit. Fruit core Nata de pina presented the highest content of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. There were significant differences in the organoleptic tests viz color (p=0.030), flavor (p<0.001), texture (p<0.001). Fruit flesh Nata de pina had the highest organoleptic score. Overall, based on result of this study, fruit core Nata de pina was recommended as the best product based on the high total phenolic content (139.88 mg GAE/100 g), antioxidant activity (263.38 ppm) and well-liked panelists based on the acceptance of aroma and color.