Background The number of public eHealth services that support patient self-management is rapidly increasing. However, the implementation of these eHealth services for self-management has encountered challenges. Objective The purpose of this paper was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing eHealth services for self-management by focusing on the fit between the technical solution and clinical use. Methods We performed in-depth interviews with 10 clinical project coordinators and managers who were responsible for developing and implementing various eHealth services for self-management interventions in five university hospitals in Finland. The results were analyzed using content analysis and open coding. The Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology (FITT) framework was used to interpret the findings. Results The implementation of self-management services involved many challenges related to technical problems, health professional acceptance, patient motivation, and health organization and management. The implementers identified practices to manage the identified challenges, including improving the design of the technology, supporting health professionals in the adoption of the eHealth services, changing the work processes and tasks, involving patients, and collectively planning the implementation inside an organization. The findings could be mostly attributed to the dimensions of the FITT framework. Conclusions The FITT framework helped to analyze the challenges related to the implementation, and most of them were related to poor fit. The importance of patients as stakeholders in eHealth services for patient self-management needs to be highlighted. Thus, we propose that patients should be added as a different type of individual dimension to the FITT framework. In addition, the framework could be extended to include organization and management in a new context dimension.
ODA (Omat digiajan hyvinvointipalvelut) ja Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeet kehittävät Suomeen uusia kansalaisille suunnattuja sähköisiä omahoitopalveluita. Sähköiset palvelut muuttavat terveysammattilaisten työtä ja aiheuttavat usein myös vastustusta. Uusien palveluiden onnistunut käyttöönotto niiden suunnittelusta ja kokeilusta vakiintuneeseen käyttöön asti vaatii, että muutokset tuodaan organisaatioon suunnitellusti. Tässä tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin käyttöönoton hyviä käytäntöjä tutkimuskirjallisuuden sekä ODA ja Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeiden kokemusten perusteella sekä arvioitiin käytäntöjen toteutumista näissä hankkeissa. ODA-hankkeesta kartoitettiin kyselyllä siihen osallistuvien 14 sosiaali- ja terveysalan organisaation esimiesten ja johtajien (n=478) odotuksia Omaolo-palvelukokonaisuuden käyttöönotosta. Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeen käyttöönottokokemuksia kerättiin haastattelemalla neljää Terveyskylän eri taloprojektin projektipäällikköä tai -koordinaattoria. Tulosten perusteella kokemukset käyttöönoton onnistumista tukevista käytännöistä ovat hyvin samansuuntaisia suomalaisissa hankkeissa sekä kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa. Hyviksi käytännöiksi nousivat esimerkiksi selkeän vision ja tavoitteiden kommunikointi, johdon tuki, tehokas tiedottaminen palvelun käyttöönotosta ja sen hyödyistä sekä ammattilaisten ja asiantuntijoiden osallistuminen suunnitteluun. ODA-kyselyn tulosten mukaan käyttöönoton hyvät käytännöt eivät olleet kovin laajassa käytössä suomalaisissa sote-organisaatioissa. Tutkimuksessa tunnistetut hyvät käytännöt antavat vinkkejä käyttöönottotiimeille sekä johtajille ja esimiehille siitä, miten käyttöönoton voi toteuttaa suunnitelmallisemmin ja samalla tukea käyttöönoton onnistumista. Esimiehet ovat tärkeässä roolissa uusien sähköisten palveluiden organisaationlaajuisessa käyttöönotossa ja tunnistettuja käytäntöjä on tarkoitus hyödyntää esimiesten koulutuksen kehittämisessä.
BACKGROUND The number of public eHealth services that support patient self-management is rapidly increasing. However, the implementation of these eHealth services for self-management has encountered challenges. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing eHealth services for self-management by focusing on the fit between the technical solution and clinical use. METHODS We performed in-depth interviews with 10 clinical project coordinators and managers who were responsible for developing and implementing various eHealth services for self-management interventions in five university hospitals in Finland. The results were analyzed using content analysis and open coding. The Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology (FITT) framework was used to interpret the findings. RESULTS The implementation of self-management services involved many challenges related to technical problems, health professional acceptance, patient motivation, and health organization and management. The implementers identified practices to manage the identified challenges, including improving the design of the technology, supporting health professionals in the adoption of the eHealth services, changing the work processes and tasks, involving patients, and collectively planning the implementation inside an organization. The findings could be mostly attributed to the dimensions of the FITT framework. CONCLUSIONS The FITT framework helped to analyze the challenges related to the implementation, and most of them were related to poor fit. The importance of patients as stakeholders in eHealth services for patient self-management needs to be highlighted. Thus, we propose that patients should be added as a different type of individual dimension to the FITT framework. In addition, the framework could be extended to include organization and management in a new context dimension.
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