Background: Early detection of neurodevelopmental abnormalities is important because of possibility of instituting early intervention program for that child. Trivandrum developmental screening test (TDSC) has sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 78.8%. This makes it a reasonably good test to screen children. Aims & Objective: To study the prevalence of developmental delay among children less than 2 years attending well baby clinic using TDSC and antecedents factors of developmental delay. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 patients visiting well baby clinic starting from age of 1 month till 2 years. Study was conducted for a period of 3 months from February 2013 to May 2013. Details pertaining to exact age, term or preterm status, maternal and paternal h/o was taken. Developmental screening was done using TDSC chart. Bell, pen, keys were used for assessment along with chart. Results were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Total of 200 patients was screened.181 children were found to be normal with 85.6%-94.2 % CI. In 19 children, delay was found with 5.8%-14.4 % CI. Preterm, IUGR, respiratory distress, sepsis, seizures in neonatal period showed significant p value for developmental delay. Microcephaly patients when screened for TDSC showed developmental delay with p value less than 0.05.All growth parameters (head, weight and length) when less than third centile showed significant association to developmental delay. The study also showed linear regression curve significant for awareness of developmental as maternal education improves. Conclusion: Developmental screening with TDSC showed developmental delay prevalence 9.5%. All children should be screened in well baby clinic for developmental delay. In India, sources have found prevalence of 1.5-2.5% of developmental delay in children less than 2 years of age. High incidence of our study can be due to study done at tertiary care centre. Preterm and IUGR were found to have developmental delay with significant p value. Various antecedents' factors responsible for early brain injury showed significant p value. Hence every child attending well baby clinic should be screened for developmental delay with effective screening method such as TDSC.

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Wheezing is a common symptom in early childhood. Recurrent wheezing is defined as more than three episodes of wheezing in the past year. Many studies have been conducted to delineate the risk factors for recurrent wheezing and to predict which of these children will progress to asthma. Most studies about risk factors and the clinicodemographic profile of children with recurrent wheeze have been carried out in developed nations. Data in developing countries may differ. This study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with recurrent wheezing in children in a tertiary care center. Materials and methodsIt was a retrospective, matched case-control study conducted over a period of two years (July 2019 to July 2021). Records of children aged one month to 12 years who came to pediatric OPD or were admitted to a pediatric ward with a history of recurrent wheezing were included in the study. Cases with uncontrolled recurrent wheezing diagnosed by examination with an unreliable history and those with a global developmental delay were excluded from the study.The study involved the hospital records of 60 children. Of these, 30 were recurrent wheezers, and 30 were non-wheezers (controls). Data were collected with detailed proformas from case histories and examination sheets. The proforma had several known and suspected risk factors associated with wheezes. Each risk factor was studied and compared with the control group. The risk factors included in this study were male gender, not exclusively breastfed, history of bottle feeding, exposure to vehicles; exposure to pollen; exposure to animals; using an agarbatti or dhoop, passive smoking, or playing with a soft toy. Data were entered in an Excel sheet, and appropriate statistical analyses were done. ResultsThe male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Out of the number of cases, 73.33% were younger than six years; 56.66% of cases were not exclusively breastfed, and 43.33% were exclusively breastfed for six months; 20% of the cases were bottle-fed, and 40% of the controls were bottle-fed. The percentage of cases exposed to vehicle smoke was 26.66%, while 20% of cases had exposure to pollen and 16% of controls were exposed to pollen. 30% of cases were exposed to animals, and 23% of controls were exposed to animals. With regard to passive smoking, 16.66% of cases were exposed to passive smoking, and 20% of controls were not exposed to passive smoking. Out of the study group, 26.66% of the children played with soft toys. Of all these risk factors, a significant difference between cases and controls was found in only one factor: not being exclusively breastfed for six months. All other risk factors showed no significant difference between cases and controls. ConclusionThe present study concluded that the significant risk factor that was associated with recurrent wheezing was "not exclusively breastfeeding." The other factors studied that were suspected to be associated with recurrent wheezing cannot be ruled out entirely due to the relatively small size of the sample and the need ...

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