Breastfeeding coverage in Indonesia is under government target. Several works of literature illustrate that mothers in Indonesia face three classic problems. First, inadequate regulation to protect breastfeeding practices, second, the massive promotion of infant formula and breast-milk substitutes, and third, discrepancies in health services. This article aimed to explore the experiences of breastfeeding mothers and to relate it to broader discourse. The study was conducted in two metropolitan cities in Indonesia, Jakarta, and Surabaya. Both locations were chosen because the two cities share similar characteristics, namely urban communities with dense, heterogeneous populations and rapid changes. The study is a critical discourse analysis using the Foucauldian perspective to help examine the discourse and the social practices of breastfeeding. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews on 36 research subjects. The results confirmed that all subjects recognised the benefits of breastfeeding discourse. However, the practice of infant feeding was not always related to health recommendations. The study also found three issues concerning breastfeeding practice, namely: discourse on breastmilk and biopower, failed mothers, and mothers’ negotiation. The discourse on breastfeeding is recognised as a biopower discourse which is an extension of affected mothers’ identities. Mothers who fail to breastfeed feel guilt, frustration and shame. They tried to negotiate this condition by asking health workers for help and arguing that the identity of the mother is not only influenced by the practice of breastfeeding. Therefore, a constructive biopower discourse is needed to implement breastfeeding practices and discourses to normalise breastfeeding practices.
Pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kesehatan di pedesaan Jawa Timur masih rendah, khususnya kesehatan jamban/kakus. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan jumlah fasilitas jamban/kakus tidak sehat (unimproved) yang masih banyak. Pemerintah Daerah melalui Dinas Kesehatan dan Puskesmas sudah melakukan berbagai strategi komunikasi untuk menyampaikan pesan kesehatan. Promosi kesehatan ini dilakukan oleh petugas Puskesmas melalui komunikasi antar personal, komunikasi kelompok dan komunikasi massa. Penelitian tentang pola komunikasi ini dapat dijadikan dasar bagi institusi kesehatan (Dinkes/Puskesmas) untuk menyampaikan pesan kesehatan agar lebih efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi kesehatan masyarakat pedesaan di Jawa Timur. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori komunikasi kesehatan. Metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah studi kasus eksploratif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme (constructivism paradigm). Paradigma dan metode ini digunakan untuk menemukan pemahaman individu atas realitas sosial yang mereka hadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (socially meaningful action). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi antar personal petugas Puskesmas dengan penduduk biasanya dilakukan di rumah, Posyandu dan PKK. Pola komunikasi kelompok dilakukan petugas Puskesmas dengan penduduk di pertemuan PKK, Posyandu,pengajian, tahlilan, istighasah dan warung kopi. Pola komunikasi massa lebih banyak dilakukan melalui media radio, poster, pamflet, brosur, leaflet, buku dan media pertunjukkan tradisional (ludruk dan tayub). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah Dinkes/Puskesmas bisa menggunakan pola komunikasi secara terpisah, tapi bisa juga semua pola komunikasi diintegrasikan untuk menyampaikan pesan kesehatan.
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