Background and objective: Child abuse is most often due to the problems besetting families, which can elevate the risks to children. These problems are complex and interconnected, and require coordinated, holistic responses. Child abuse and neglect has begun to demonstrate linkages between maltreatment and long-term adverse effects and other social problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the Primary School Teacher Knowledge's Regarding Child Abuse In Kirkuk City" and find out the relationship between Teacher Knowledge's and some socio-demographic characteristic Material and Method: A descriptive study was carried out from July 2013 to April 2014. Data are collected through using the constructed questionnaire for the purpose of the study with the use of interview technique. Simple probability random sample of (100) science, manger and physical sport teachers is selected from (34) primary schools in Kirkuk city. A questionnaire is designed of (44) items for data collection, Data are analyzed through the application of the descriptive statistical analysis approach and inferential statistical approach. Frequencies, Percentage, men of score and chi-square. Results: The findings of the study indicated that majority of the teachers were between age (40-49) years and constitute (44.0%) , (54 .0%) from teachers were female ,(54.0%)were graduate from Institute and (82.0%) from them were married. Conclusion: The result of the study find that overall depicts assessment are significant difference between teacher's knowledge and their some demographic data. Recommendations: The study recommended educational program should be designed to increase people knowledge and awareness about their child abuse. Striking up the center to solve the child's problem. Providing scientific booklet, publication and journal about child abuse and Providing the special law to protect the child for abuses.

Background: Red blood cell transfusions are commonly used in palliative care to treat anemia or symptoms caused by anemia. In patients with advanced disease, there is little evidence of benefit to guide treatment decisions in the face of increased risk of harms. Objectives: to assess the level of knowledge and practices of nurses about blood transfusion for adult patients in Kirkuk city hospitals. Methods: A purposive study design was conducted in the period from 1st June 2019 to 15th November 2019.the sample include (80) nurses who were working at (Gynecology and obstetrics, General medicine, General surgery, intensive care unit, Oncology at Azadi teaching hospital and Kirkuk general hospital. Results: The number of nurses' who included in the study was (35%) worked in Gynecology and obstetrics, (25%) worked in General medicine, General surgery, (10%) worked in intensive care unit, (5%) Oncology, generally nurses had low level of knowledge but showed best practice level. Conclusions: The findings showed that the nurses' knowledge of blood transfusion was insufficient which could be detrimental to patient safety, also practice Was optimal in Kirkuk city hospitals Recommendation: Nurses have the responsibility to update their knowledge and skills in carrying out blood transfusion. The tool developed in this study may be useful for educators and managers to identify gaps in knowledge and inform decisions to address them.

Background and aim: In the case of Kirkuk City and Iraq as a whole, the previous study concerns and guidelines become even more pressing , given that this Middle Eastern country has been subjected to years of neglect, damage, and deterioration, exacerbated and compounded by a series of wars. In fact, Iraqi researches state that prior to 1990, education was a thriving sector in Iraq. However, after two decades of war and deprivation, the quality and availability of learning deteriorated dramatically. Therefore, the present study conducted in order to evaluate the public and private schools physical environment Standardized features in Kirkuk City and to compare between them. Materials and method: A descriptive comparative design is employed through the present study from April 1 st 2012 to May 20 th 2013. An instrument of (141) item is constructed for the purpose of the study. A purposive (non probability) sample is selected for the study which includes (44) school; (22) private and (22) public of Kirkuk Education Directorate. Data are analyzed through the application the approaches of descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistical data analysis ones. Results: The findings of the study present that the overall evaluation depicts significant difference between public and private schools' physical environment standardized features. Conclusion: The overall evaluation presents significant difference between public and private schools' physical environment standardized features.

Aim: To find out the association between psychosocial burden and the sociodemographic data such us (gender, age, social status, level of education, residential, occupational and economic status) and to assess the psychological burden among the gambler in the Iraq’s' roulette casino Methodology: A cross-sectional design is carried throughout to assess the impact of the gamble upon gamblers psychosocial states in the Iraq’s' roulette casino for the period of September 2nd 2018 to April 4th 2020. The present study is conducted in different settings that include roulette casino. A non-probability "purposive" sample of (232) participants is selected. An instrument was constructed for the intent of the study. It is content of (six) domains. The instrument included three parts: sociodemographic variables, gambling addiction and the psychosocial burden among the gambler in the Iraq’s' roulette casino. The researcher used descriptive statistics tools such as frequency, percentage, mean of score and used in inferential statistics such as Chi-Square. Results: The findings of the study indicate that the study samples (65.9%) they have sever gambling addiction level, while (18.1%) they have moderate gambling addiction level and (15.9%) they have mild gambling addiction level. Also, the findings of the study indicate that (58.2) they have moderate social burden level, while (26.3%) they have sever social burden level and (15.5%) they have mild social burden level. Conclusions: There is a high significant relationship between the most sociodemographic data and psychological burden. Keywords: Determination, Psychological, Burden, Gamble

The objective of this survey is to explore the reality of the the health promotion standards in the governmental teaching hospitals in Iraq. The researchers used the Health Promotion Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Companies to measure the health promotion standards in these hospitals. The study sample included nurses and physicians from 42 hospitals across Iraq. The study findings demonstrated that the vast majority of governmental teaching hospitals in Iraq lack the health promotion standards and considered as nonhealth promoting. The standards of health promotion objectives and health promotion planning had the highest scores. Only two hospitals out of 62 hospitals considered to be health promoting ones.