This paper investigates the semantic modeling of smart cities and proposes two ontology matching frameworks, called Clustering for Ontology Matching-based Instances (COMI) and Pattern mining for Ontology Matching-based Instances (POMI). The goal is to discover the relevant knowledge by investigating the correlations among smart city data based on clustering and pattern mining approaches. The COMI method first groups the highly correlated ontologies of smart-city data into similar clusters using the generic k-means algorithm. The key idea of this method is that it clusters the instances of each ontology and then matches two ontologies by matching their clusters and the corresponding instances within the clusters. The POMI method studies the correlations among the data properties and selects the most relevant properties for the ontology matching process. To demonstrate the usefulness and accuracy of the COMI and POMI frameworks, several experiments on the DBpedia, Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative, and NOAA ontology databases were conducted. The results show that COMI and POMI outperform the state-of-the-art ontology matching models regarding computational cost without losing the quality during the matching process. Furthermore, these results confirm the ability of COMI and POMI to deal This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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This paper deals with the ontology matching problem, and proposes a pattern mining approach that exploits the different correlation and dependencies between the different properties to select the most appropriate features for the matching process. The proposed method first discovers the frequent patterns from the ontology database, and then find out the most relevant features using the patterns derived. To demonstrate the usefulness of the suggested method, several experiments have been carried out on the OAEI (Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative) and DBpedia ontology databases. The results show that our proposal outperforms the state-of-the-art ontology matching approaches in terms of both execution time and quality of the matching process.