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Let (M_2k,Φ,g) be an almost anti-paraKahler manifold and TM its tangent bundle equipped with the Berger type deformed Sasaki metric gBS and the paracomplex structure Φ_˜. In this paper, we deal with the biharmonicity of canonical projection π : TM →M and a vector field X which is considered as a map X : M → TM.

PurposeLet (M, g) be a n-dimensional smooth Riemannian manifold. In the present paper, the authors introduce a new class of natural metrics denoted by gf and called gradient Sasaki metric on the tangent bundle TM. The authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature, scalar and sectional curvatures.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper the authors introduce a new class of natural metrics called gradient Sasaki metric on tangent bundle.FindingsThe authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature scalar and sectional curvatures.Originality/valueThe authors calculate its Levi-Civita connection and Riemannian curvature tensor. The authors study the geometry of (TM, gf) and several important results are obtained on curvature scalar and sectional curvatures.