Pratia begonifolia (Wall.) Lindl. belongs to the Campanulaceae family, which is traditionally used for treating kidney stones. The present study investigates the elemental, functional groups and bioactive compounds of Pratia begonifolia (Wall.) Lindl. using Graphite Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF-AAS), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-Resolution Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (HR-LCMS). The elemental analysis using GF-AAS revealed the presence of Chromium as the highest concentration (1.46±0.001ppm). The weight percentage of 5 elements was identified by SEM/EDAX analysis, which shows that Potassium has the highest weight percentage. In FT-IR analysis, 9 functional groups of the compounds present in the plants were identified with the wavelength of the dominant peak obtained from absorption spectra. GCMS analysis of the methanol extract revealed the presence of 12 compounds, Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexaphenyl; Methyl 11,14-Octadecadienoate; Phytol; Methyl 11,14,17-Eicosatrienoate; D-fructose,1,3,6-trideoxy-3,6-epithio-; Methyl 10-methyl-undecanoate; Beta. -d-lyxofuranoside, o-nonyl-; Ascaridole epoxide; Z, Z-6,28-Heptatriactontadien-2-One; 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-Pentanol; Beta. -D-Mannofuranoside, 1-O-(10-Undecenyl)-; Chloroacetic Acid, 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ester; among them Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexaphenyl (4.8%) was found to have the highest percentage area. Chloroform extract revealed the presence of 17 compounds viz. Pentacosane; Eicosane, 2-Methyl-; Hexacosane; Pentatriacontane; Dotriacontane; Phytol; Z, Z-6,28-Heptatriactontadien-2-One; Dotriacontane; Squalene; Triacontane; Eicosane; Hentriacontane; Octadecane, 2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl; Tritetracontane; Octatriacontane, 1,38-Dibromo-; 1 Octadecanoic Acid, 2-Oxo-, Methyl Ester; Eicosane, 2,6,10,14,18-Pentamethyl- and Phytol and Squalene, which have anti-bacterial properties, were also present. HR-LCMS analysis revealed the presence of Hydroxysalmeterol; 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone; Ipecac (methylpsychotrine); Rhoifolin; Genkwanin; Anabasamine; Cuscohygrine; Eicosanedioic acid; Docosanedioic acid; Oleamide; Khayanthone as a positive ion. 2-Isoprenylemodin; Quinalizarin; Luteoline; Isoeugenitol; Ensulizole; O-Desmethylquinidine; Descarboethoxyloratadine as negative ion.

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the minerals, bioactive compounds of 3 selected Hibiscus Genus i,e. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Hibiscus cannabinus L., and Hibiscus acetosella Welw. Place and Duration of Study: The selected plants were collected during May to October 2018 from Imphal (24°37’N and 93°39’E) Manipur North Eastern State of India, which lies 2590 feet above sea level, and study were carried out in Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University. Methodology: The minerals composition and bioactive compounds were evaluated by using Graphite Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF-AAS) method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), respectively. Results: The elemental analysis shows the presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Sodium, Potassium, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt. By using the GC-MS method, the compounds are identified with Retention time (RT) and area percentage. The two compounds are identified for methanol extract and four compounds for chloroform extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. For Hibiscus cannabinus L., three compounds are identified for methanol extract and four compounds for chloroform extract and for Hibiscus acetosella Welw. eleven compounds for methanol extract and three compounds for chloroform extract. Conclusion: The selected plants are good source of Sodium, Potassium, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and bioactive compounds which had antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant properties and renal related disorders protection effects. However, it is needed to study the pharmacological activity for further evaluation.

Aim: The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical, antimicrobial and acute toxicity assay of methanol extract of Citrus medica L. fruit (CMF) and Citrus hystrix D.C. fruit (CHF). Place and Duration of Study: Fruit samples were collected between February to August 2018, at the Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University. Methodology: Phytochemical studies were conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), HR-LC-MS (High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) respectively. The standard filtered disc-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial assay. Acute toxicity was performed using 423-OECD guidelines. Results: GC-MS and HR-LC-MS analysis showed presence of Ranitidine, 4-Methylesculetin, Diosmin and Avobenzone in CMF whereas 9-Octadecenamide, Gamma-Sitosterol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol, Rhoifolin, Diosmin and Phytosphingosine in CHF. GF-AAS and ICP-OES study prominently showed Pb content in both the samples. Highest element in CMF was Pb (4.26±0.120 ppm) while in CHF was Cr (4.35±0.70 ppm). Antimicrobial study exhibited highest inhibitory effect of CMF against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia while CHF against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus than Gentamicin (p<0.05). No toxicity behaviour and mortality in mice were observed during acute toxicity study period even at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Changes in serum constituent level were observed however, no genotoxicity was recorded. Conclusion: We concluded that CMF and CHF cultivation site selection should be the first step to avoid Pb content. The CMF and CHF have many health beneficial constituents. From this study also concluded that CMF and CHF may be a potential source of antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, diuretic, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. However, further study to understand whether changes in serum constituent level for prolonged period usages as medicine or nutraceuticals is highly recommended.