Febrile seizures are the most-common form of seizures in children with fever and evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests the potential role of immune generated products in their genesis. The balance between pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines influences the regulation of infections and plays a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. In existing literature, there is no research into the correlation between IL-1β and IL-10 levels as well as ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 in estimating the risk of febrile seizures in seizure-prone children aged 3 months to 5 years. In this study, IL-1β, IL-10 levels and ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 in the risk of febrile seizures were investigated, and respondents were divided into 3 groups, febrile seizures, febrile without seizures and healthy children without histories of febrile seizure. A cross-sectional design was used and each group had 17 co-respondents. Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Findings showed there were significant differences between IL-1β and IL-10 as well in the ratio of IL-1β to IL-10 between febrile seizures patients and healthy children. It was concluded that there were significant correlations between IL-1β and IL-10 levels as well as IL-1β to IL-10 ratios in estimating the risk of febrile seizures.