Various additives to Ni–Fe systems are studied as cermet cathodes for CO2 electrolysis (973–1173 K) using a La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 (LSGM) electrolyte, which is one of the most promising oxide‐ion conductors for intermediate‐temperature solid‐oxide electrolysis cells in terms of ionic‐transport number and conductivity. It is found that Ni–Fe–La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Mn0.2O3 (Ni–Fe–LSFM) exhibits a remarkable performance with a current density of 2.32 A cm−2 at 1.6 V and 1073 K. The cathodic overpotential is significantly decreased by mixing the LSFM powder with Ni–Fe, which is related to the increase in the number of reaction sites for CO2 reduction. For Ni–Fe–LSFM, much smaller particles (<200 nm) are sustained under CO2 electrolysis conditions at high temperatures than for Ni–Fe. X‐ray diffraction analysis suggests that the main phases of Ni–Fe–LSFM are Ni and LaFeO3; thus, the oxide phase of LaFeO3 is also maintained during CO2 electrolysis. Analysis of the gaseous products indicates that only CO is formed, and the rate of CO formation agrees well with that of a four‐electron reduction process, suggesting that the reduction of CO2 to CO proceeds selectively. It is also confirmed that almost no coke is deposited on the Ni–Fe–LSFM cathode after CO2 electrolysis.

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Waste plastic pellets are one of important materials as an alternative fuel to COG (Coke Oven Gas) in CaCO 3 calcination furnaces. However, the amount of waste plastic is limited. So possibility of waste wood utilization was investigated and the pellets combining waste plastic and waste wood were developed. To clarify the combustion behavior of the pellets, a lab-scale test and a commercial furnace injection test were conducted.The burn-out time at 1000 ℃ of combined pellets (6 mmφ), with ratios of 10, 20 and 30wt% waste wood, was around 25 s. This time was the same as that for conventional waste plastic pellets. The combined pellets with a ratio of 10wt% waste wood were injected into a commercially operating calcination furnace. The amount of heat input from COG and combined pellets was reduced by 5% as compared with that of COG alone. This result was the same as that for conventional waste plastic pellets. This effect was caused by combustion of the pellets close to CaCO 3 in the calcination furnace. These results show that combined pellets with a ratio of 10wt% of waste wood can be used as an alternative fuel to COG as conventional waste plastic pellets.

Comparison of gasification behavior of pulverized palm kernel shell charcoal with pulverized coal in blast furnace is necessary to use palm kernel shell charcoal in substitution for coal. The gasification behavior of these materials were observed by use of raceway hot model which simulated the lower part of blast furnace. The experimental results showed that the gasification behavior of palm kernel shell charcoal was affected by the quantity of the volatile matter as well as coal. And because the palm kernel shell charcoal had less quantity of ash than coal, the pressure drop of raceway in furnace decreased.