SUMMARYIn July 2006, International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Study Group 13 initiated the approval process for a batch of framework Recommendations on the Next Generation Network (NGN) Release 1. One of the new Recommendations, Y.2012, illustrates the NGN from the viewpoint of a functional architecture consisting of various functional blocks, namely functional entities. In conjunction with this Recommendation, this paper explains how the NGN can be built and how the NGN utilizes functional entities to provide expected services and required capabilities. This paper also identifies open issues for extending the functional architecture towards Release 2.

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The eighth World Telecommunication Development Conference (WTDC-22) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) was held in Kigali, Rwanda, from 6 to 16 June 2022. This article gives an overview of the conference and its major deliberations.

A fiber optic subscriber loop provides many services that require high quality for a large number of subscribers. This means that it is necessary to establish a highly reliable, economical subscriber network.A method for high-reliability network construction has been proposed. In this method, the amount of equipment is reduced by utilizing a fiber access module (FAM), which allows fiber lines between the adjacent loops to be connected in the optical subscriber loop. To realize the function of the FAM inexpensively, manual cross-connection is indispensable. However, the restoration time in the event of cable failure is quite long for manual crossconnection.This paper proposes a reconfiguration method, the selected node reconfiguration method (SRM), which has a shorter restoration time than the conventional method, assuming a manual cross-connection FAM. To further shorten the restoration time, a cross-connection method is proposed in which several fibers are switched at the same time. The efficiency of this method and the functional structure of the FAM will be shown.