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We study new physics effects on B decay processes including a final τ particle, namely B → Dτ ν and B → τ ν. An important feature of these processes is that a charged Higgs boson can contribute to the decay amplitude at the tree level in models such as Two Higgs Doublet Model and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We derive a resummed effective Lagrangian for charged-Higgs mediated interactions in the MSSM with the Minimal Flavor Violation. Including supersymmetric (SUSY) loop corrections for downtype-quark and charged-lepton Yukawa couplings, we calculate the branching ratios of the B → Dτ ν and B → τ ν processes. We find that SUSY correction due to gluino-sbottom diagrams can change the Higgs exchange contribution by ±50%, whereas stau-neutralino diagrams can make corrections up to 20%. We also discuss relationship between SUSY corrections in the tauonic decays and flavor changing neutral current processes such as B s → µ + µ − and b → sγ. §1. IntroductionRecent success of B factory experiments at KEK and SLAC has proved that B physics provide a very promising way to explore physics in and beyond the Standard Model (SM). The Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism 1) of the CP violation in the quark sector has been established from the precise determination of the CP asymmetry in B → J/ψK S and related modes. 2), 3) B factory experiments have made many new observations such as the branching ratio of the b → sll 4) and CP violation in the B → φK S mode, 5), 6) which are known to be sensitive to new physics effects.In future, more information on B decays will be obtained at current B factories as well as hadron B experiments at Tevatron and LHC. Furthermore, the future upgrade of the e + e − asymmetric B factory, Super B Factory, is discussed, where the goal of the luminosity is 50-100 times more than the current achieved luminosity. 7)We study here new physics effects on B decay processes including a final τ particle, namely B → Dτ ν and B → τ ν. An important feature of these processes is that a charged Higgs boson can contribute to the decay amplitude at the tree level in models such as Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). From the experimental side, since at least two neutrinos are present in the final state in the signal side, full-reconstruction is required for the B decay in the opposite side. For the B → Dτ ν process, the branching ratio is not at

The behavior of terminal lung units (alveoli) with changes in lung volume is controversial. For example, different investigators using similar techniques have suggested that alveoli expand homogeneously or, conversely, get smaller with increases in lung volume. We studied this problem by filling excised dog lobes with monodisperse aerosol and observing deposition at zero airflow. Under these conditions, the deposition of particles is inversely proportional to a mean alveolar linear dimension (ALD). With this technique, changes in ALD were assessed as the lung ventilated along its pressure-volume (PV) curve. PV curves were generated using a rapid cycling technique that minimized trapping and allowed reversible regulation of inflation-deflation hysteresis. Irreversible changes in PV hysteresis were assessed by rinsing the lung with Tween. With significant PV hysteresis, the ALD progressively decreased with inflation to total lung capacity (TLC). With deflation from TLC, the ALD was unchanged until low volumes were reached, when it decreased markedly. When PV hysteresis was minimized (reversibly or irreversibly), inflation and deflation ALD were superimposed. These data are consistent with progressive alveolar recruitment with inflation to TLC and derecruitment with deflation. The correlation between alveolar dimensions and PV hysteresis suggests that shifts in the PV curve can be accounted for by changes in the population of units. The number open at any given point is determined by the dynamic history of inflation.

The large hadron collider (LHC) is anticipated to provide signals of new physics at the TeV scale, which are likely to involve production of a WIMP dark matter candidate. The international linear collider (ILC) is to sort out these signals and lead us to some viable model of the new physics at the TeV scale. In this article, we discuss how the ILC can discriminate new physics models, taking the following three examples: the inert Higgs model, the supersymmetric model, and the littlest Higgs model with T-parity. These models predict dark matter particles with different spins, 0, 1/2, and 1, respectively, and hence comprise representative scenarios. Specifically, we focus on the pair production process, e + e − → χ + χ − → χ 0 χ 0 W + W − , where χ 0 and χ ± are the WIMP dark matter and a new charged particle predicted in each of these models. We then evaluate how accurately the properties of these new particles can be determined at the ILC and demonstrate that the ILC is capable of identifying the spin of the new charged particle and discriminating these models.2

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 15 cases of ovarian endometrial cyst were reviewed. With a high-field-strength (1.5-T) MR imager, T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained in axial and sagittal planes, with 5-mm section thickness. MR findings highly suggestive of an endometrial cyst included adhesions to the surrounding organs (e.g., loss of clear margin of the uterine body and tethered appearance of the rectum); a distinct low-intensity zone surrounding a cyst loculus on both T1- and T2-weighted images produced by a thick fibrous capsule; loculus contents with short T1 and long T2 values, attributed to hemorrhagic fluid; and prominent low intensity (shading) within a loculus on T2-weighted images, the mechanism of which is yet to be determined.