Fricke reaction, KI oxidation and decomposition of porphyrin derivatives by use of seven types of sonochemical apparatus in four different laboratories were examined in the range of frequency of 19.5 kHz to 1.2 MHz. The ultrasonic energy dissipated into an apparatus was determined also by calorimetry. Sonochemical efficiency of Fricke reaction and KI oxidation was defined as the number of reacted molecule per unit ultrasonic energy. The sonochemical efficiency is independent of experimental conditions such as the shape of sample cell and irradiation instruments, but depends on the ultrasonic frequency. We propose the KI oxidation dosimetry using 0.1 moldm(-3) KI solution as a standard method to calibrate the sonochemical efficiency of an individual reaction system.

A study on measurement technique for amount of generated acoustic cavitation-investigation of broadband integrated voltage by comparing with sound pressure and sonochemical luminescence-AIP Conf.The range of ambient radius for an active bubble in sonoluminescence and sonochemical reactions

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Sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of luminol due to a single bubble is studied through spectral measurement. No SCL was observed from a stable single bubble that emitted high-intensity sonoluminescence (SL). In contrast, SCL was observed under conditions of an unstable dancing bubble, where a bubble grows and ejects tiny bubbles, making it "dance" by counteraction. Furthermore, SCL was observed from dancing bubbles even when SL was not observed, depending on the dissolved gas content. The instability of bubble collapse is the key parameter governing SCL.

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