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The formation of nitrated pyrenes was investigated on nine metallic oxides as soil components with pyrene and various nitrogen sources under xenon lamp irradiation. The metallic oxides studied were CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 (quartz, silicic anhydride, and silica gel forms), and TiO 2 (rutile and anatase forms). Nitrated pyrene as a reaction product was extracted with benzene : ethanol (4 : 1, v/v) and analyzed by GC/MS selected ion monitoring (SIM). In the presence of indoor air, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) was produced in all nine metallic oxides, and the yield of 1-NP was high on silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ; silicic anhydride and silica gel forms) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ; rutile and anatase forms). 2-Nitropyrene (2-NP) and 4-nitropyrene (4-NP) were produced in aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), and TiO 2 (rutile form). In the presence of nitrogen dioxide gas (NO 2 gas), nitrite ion (NO 2 -) or nitrate ion (NO 3 -), 1-NP was produced in SiO 2 (silicic anhydride and silica gel forms), TiO 2 (rutile and anatase forms), Al 2 O 3 , and MgO. 2-and 4-NP were produced in most samples of Al 2 O 3 and MgO. Accordingly, NO 2 gas, NO 2 -, and NO 3 -were shown to be nitrogen sources for the formation of nitrated pyrenes in these metallic oxides. In addition, in the presence of these nitrogen sources, 2-and 4-NP were produced on metallic oxides as soil components. The yields and formation patterns of the three types of mononitrated pyrenes differed in the various metallic oxides, as well as with the type of nitrogen source (NO 2 gas, NO 2 -or NO 3 -). Hence, the nature of the photochemical reaction in the formation of the nitrated pyrenes differed depending on the type of metallic oxide and source of nitrogen. The yields of nitrated pyrenes depended on the amount of NO 2 -in Al 2 O 3 and MgO and on the amount of NO 3 -in Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 (silicic anhydride form). In these experiments, dinitropyrenes were not detected in all cases.

This paper reports the synthesis of novel N-alkyl-N-(substituted benzyl)-4-halo-2-alkenamides and their herbicidal activity against Echinochloa oryzicola. Their herbicidal activity was observed to be light-dependent. The study on the structure-activity relationships revealed that 4-chloro-2-pentenoyl is the best as the acyl skeleton, and the combinations of either isobutyl or isopentyl and either 4-cyano-or 4-chlorobenzyl substituents on the amide nitrogen atom are the most favorable to the activity.

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Treatment of t-butyl 2-acetylamino-3-bromo-2-alkenoate with triethylamine gave t-butyl 5-alkyl-2-methyloxazole-4-carboxylate by dehydrobromination, but no reaction occurred with primary amines. While treatment of t-butyl 2-acetylimino-3,3-dibromoalkanoate with hydroxylamine or several aliphatic and aromatic primary amines gave addition products, t-butyl 2-acetylamino-3,3-dibromo-2-(hydroxyamino)- and 2-(substituted amino)alkanoate, respectively, in fairly good yields.