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Biotinylated thermo-responsive magnetic nanoparticles for use in affinity selection from yeast cell surface display libraries were prepared by coating magnetite nanoparticles with a thermo-responsive polymer consisting of N-isopropyl acrylamide and a biotin derivative. These particles showed a reversible transition between flocculation and dispersion at around the lower critical solution temperature of 30 degrees C, above which the flocculated particles--which absorbed a large amount of avidin due to their large surface area--were quickly separable by magnet. The model library was constructed by mixing control yeast cells with target yeast cells co-displaying IgG binding protein (ZZ) and enhanced green fluorescence protein. Biotinylated IgG and avidin were subsequently added to the model library, and target cells were efficiently enriched with the biotinylated magnetic nanoparticles by avidin-biotin sandwich and ZZ-IgG interaction. The few target cells (0.001%) in the model library were enriched by up to 100% in only 5 days by an affinity selection procedure repeated four times. This novel method based on magnetic nanoparticles and a yeast cell surface display system could fulfill a wide range of applications in the analysis of protein-protein interactions and rapid isolation of novel biomolecules.

Bilindiones and biladienones carrying aryl groups at the meso positions were prepared using coupled oxidation reactions of iron tetraarylporphyrins in 20-63% yield.