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This study attempted to develop a formula for predicting maximum muscle strength value for young, middle-aged, and elderly adults using theoretical Grade 3 muscle strength value (moment fair: Mf)—the static muscular moment to support a limb segment against gravity—from the manual muscle test by Daniels et al. A total of 130 healthy Japanese individuals divided by age group performed isometric muscle contractions at maximum effort for various movements of hip joint flexion and extension and knee joint flexion and extension, and the accompanying resisting force was measured and maximum muscle strength value (moment max, Mm) was calculated. Body weight and limb segment length (thigh and lower leg length) were measured, and Mf was calculated using anthropometric measures and theoretical calculation. There was a linear correlation between Mf and Mm in each of the four movement types in all groups, excepting knee flexion in elderly. However, the formula for predicting maximum muscle strength was not sufficiently compatible in middle-aged and elderly adults, suggesting that the formula obtained in this study is applicable in young adults only.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between grade 3 muscle strength and the maximum muscle strength of manual muscle testing established by Daniels et al. [Subjects] The subjects were the dominant legs of 21 healthy persons (mean age: 23.3 years). [Methods] Experimental tasks included maximum force static muscle contraction in flexion and extension of the hip and knee joints. The maximum resistance in each task was determined with a hand-held dynamometer. The relationships between grade 3 muscle strength and the maximum muscle strength were tested using regression analysis and analysis of covariance. [Results] We confirmed that all of the 4 regression equations could be used to predict the maximum muscle strength. The regression equation for flexion of the hip joint was the same as that for extension of the joint, while the regression equation for flexion of the knee joint differed from that of extension of the joint. [Conclusion] This study found there is a linear correlation between grade 3 muscle strength and the maximum muscle strength, and that the correlation was different for each motion.