Text analysis was mainly concerned with the ideational function and textual function. Besides, macro aspect has been regarded as the most text structure examined in previous studies.  Regardless of those three aspects, this study focused on the interpersonal function analysis of political speech text, by taking an example of Joe Biden’s victory speech. The purposed theory namely Systemic Functional Linguistics theory (SFL) was then applied to analyze the text. The analysis was conducted by modifying the speech text into clauses which were subsequently analyzed in accordance with the goal of the analysis. Data analysis revealed that the speech established an intimate relationship and a close distance with the audience. As such, the speaker enables to gain support and exchange information through the use of linguistics resources namely declarative clause in the mood structure, modality, and pronoun "we". As a conclusion, different use of mood, modality, and personal pronouns might determine the different level of interpersonal function of a text. This study has a great impact on language teaching and learning in terms of maintaining social relationships and exchanging meanings between teachers and students by taking into account the link between linguistic resources and the nature of texts.

<em>This study was an attempt to examine pragmatic strategies and questioning types employed by English teachers in classroom interactions. Delivering the functions of questions by their types is insufficient to manage the flow of interaction. As such, the teachers need a certain pragmatic strategy. Data were gathered from three Indonesian English teachers. Purposefully selected teachers were observed, audio-recorded, and analyzed by using Gricean cooperative principle and politeness principle following the principle of Conservation Analysis (CA). The conservation analysis revealed that the use of external devices- adjunct to the head acts or enquirers (grounder, sweetener, and disarmer) and internal modifiers (syntactic interrogative downgraders and lexical consultative downgraders) were mostly used by the teachers in employing questions to mitigate the illocutionary act of questioning as a request. In addition, the teachers intentionally violated the maxim for the sake of managing the flow of conservation. Subsequently, this study mirrors previous research findings that display questions as the most frequent strategies used to extend the talk and to invite learner response. Instead of analyzing questions that conventionally associate those with speech act theory, social aspects of interpersonal normativity (being responsible and autonomous) might be of benefit in sharing social-communicative intentions in order to extend the classroom talk.</em>

Kegiatan pembelajaran dirancang untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar yang melibatkan proses mental dan fisik melalui interaksi antarsiswa, siswa dengan guru, lingkungan dan sumber belajar lainnya untuk pencapaian suatu kompetensi. Rencana pelakanaan pembelajaran (RPP) memiliki peran penting dalam menuntun guru pada pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran yang memuat langkah-langkah pembelajaran yang sistematis. Kebijakan baru menteri Nadiem yang tertuang dalam surat edaran No. 14 tahun 2019 tentang penyederhanaan administrasi pembelajaran khususnya terkait rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) kurikulum 2013 menjadi model RPP 1 lembar atau disebut sebagai RPP merdeka belajar. Penyederhanaan bertujuan agar guru lebih memprioritaskan keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran, tidak dibebankan oleh administrasi pembelajaran mengingat guru sendiri telah mengetahui komponenkomponen pembelajaran lainnya. Jika dicermati, penyederhanaan komponen RPP kurikulum 2013 mengadaptasi model yang dikembangkan oleh Glaser yang merupakan model dasar dalam menyusun RPP dangan cakupan komponennya yaitu tujuan, prosedur pembelajaran, dan penilaian. Kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan RPP merdeka belajar di SDN ules berdampak positif terhadap pemahaman guru tentang konsep merdeka belajar, mampu menyusun model RPP merdeka belajar yang memerdekakan siswa dan guru.

This study is an attempt to examine politeness markers employed by Indonesian English teachers in classroom interactions. Purposefully chosen English teachers were observed, audio-recorded, and analyzed by using the politeness principle and Gricean cooperative principle. The conversation analysis revealed that to mitigate the illocutionary act of request, aside from using internal modifiers at most (consultative device, politeness markers, hesitators, hedges, play-downs, committers, down-toners, understaters), the teachers also used external devices as an adjunct to the head acts (grounder, sweetener, and disarmer). Besides, teachers intentionally violated the maxim for the sake of extending the talk. Further research needs to include more participants and instruments in a wider area of analysis.

Using Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory, this study was an attempt to investigate the metafunctions of language which are realized by register category of field, tenor, and mode existing simultaneously in texts. Employing qualitative approach with the use of discourse semantics analysis, two different selected newspaper texts were purposefully chosen as the source of data. Following the orientation of SFL, the writer modified the texts into some sentences and clauses which were subsequently analysed and compared regarding the objectives in question. The result of analysis shows that the field of texts was mostly concerned with physical actions and events employing both direct and indirect speech for the sake of information. Meanwhile, in terms of mode, Text I was more rhetoric and more detail in describing the event than text II. Yet, the level of modality in both texts was low and low in which there were not many actions of getting other people to do things. Aside from those two, this analysis revealed that the mode of both texts mostly used anaphoric types of referential cohesion indicating written mode. In the meantime, Text I had more number of conjunctions implying more explanative in giving information and cause and effect relation of the information. Of greater importance of this finding was that a paradigmatic description of context implying a meaning, system, and metafunctions of language and its pedagogical implication in language teaching.