Background This paper is a follow‐up study continuing the COVISTRESS network previous research regarding health‐related determinants. Objective The aim was to identify the main consequences of COVID‐19 lockdown on Body Mass Index and Perceived Fragility , related to Physical Activity (PA), for different categories of populations, worldwide. Design The study design included an online survey, during the first wave of COVID‐19 lockdown, across different world regions. Setting and participants The research was carried out on 10 121 participants from 67 countries. The recruitment of participants was achieved using snowball sampling techniques via social networks, with no exclusion criteria other than social media access. Main outcome measures Body Mass Index , Physical Activity , Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected items were analysed. SPSS software, v20, was used. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Body Mass Index significantly increased during lockdown. For youth and young adults (18‐35 years), PA decreased by 31.25%, for adults (36‐65 years) by 26.05% and for the elderly (over 65 years) by 30.27%. There was a high level of Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected for female participants and the elderly. Correlations between BMI , Perceived Fragility and PA were identified. Discussion and Conclusions The research results extend and confirm evidence that the elderly are more likely to be at risk, by experiencing weight gain, physical inactivity and enhanced Perceived Fragility. As a consequence, populations need to counteract the constraints imposed by the lockdown by being physically active.

(1) Background: The effects of lockdown repetition on work-related stress, expressed through Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly documented. We investigated the effect of repetitive lockdowns on the ERI in French workers, its difference across occupations, and the change in its influencing factors across time. (2) Methods: Participants were included in a prospective cross-sectional observational study from 30 March 2020 to 28 May 2021. The primary outcome was the ERI score (visual analog scale). The ERI score of the population was examined via Generalized Estimating Equations. For each period, the factors influencing ERI were studied by multivariate linear regression. (3) Results: In 8121 participants, the ERI score decreased in the first 2 lockdowns (53.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001; 50.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.001) and after lockdown 2 (54.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.004) compared with the pre-pandemic period (59 ± 0.4). ERI was higher in medical than in paramedical professionals in the pre-pandemic and the first 2 lockdowns. Higher workloads were associated with better ERI scores. (4) Conclusions: In a large French sample, Effort-Reward Imbalance worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic until the end of the 2nd lockdown. Paramedical professionals experienced a higher burden of stress compared with medical professionals.

Background Despite the potential detrimental consequences for individuals’ health and discrimination from covid-19 symptoms, the outcomes have received little attention. This study examines the relationships between having personally experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 (during the first wave of the pandemic), mental health, and emotional responses (anger and sadness). It was predicted that covid-19 discrimination would be positively related to poor mental health and that this relationship would be mediated by the emotions of anger and sadness. Methods The study was conducted using an online questionnaire from January to June 2020 (the Covistress network; including 44 countries). Participants were extracted from the COVISTRESS database (Ntotal = 280) with about a half declaring having been discriminated due to covid-19 symptoms (N = 135). Discriminated participants were compared to non-discriminated participants using ANOVA. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effect of emotional responses and the relationships between perceived discrimination and self-reported mental health. Results The results indicated that individuals who experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 had poorer mental health and experienced more anger and sadness. The relationship between covid-19 personal discrimination and mental health disappeared when the emotions of anger and sadness were statistically controlled for. The indirect effects for both anger and sadness were statistically significant. Discussion This study suggests that the covid-19 pandemic may have generated discriminatory behaviors toward those suspected of having symptoms and that this is related to poorer mental health via anger and sadness.

The poverty in rural areas still remains the big problems for Indonesia nowadays. One of program can be encouraged in rural areas is the empowerment of local community in many sectors. Hence, this research aims to analyze the community empowerment in sustainable rural economic development by providing the case study honey bee farmer called Kelompok Tani Madu Hutan Ujung Kulon (KTMHUK) in Ujung Kulon National Park. The importance of this research due to the concept offered by this group can be implemented as role model in strengthening the economic development in Ujung Kulon National Park by keep undertaking the conservation activities and sustainability concept by reinforcing the village institution in group level through cooperation (economic enterprise) and creating the small and medium enterprises organized by rural community. This research is a qualitative research using the literatures to analyze the specific case. Furthermore, in analyzing this case, the author specifically uses the theory of sustainable economic development from Michael Porter and Claas van der Linde who explain that there are win-win opportunities in economic and environment by the improvement to reduce the environment harassment in production process. The result shows that the community empowerment in rural areas, particularly for KTMHUK group in UKNP can become the successful business by cooperating with some stakeholders consist of local farmer, government, UKNP officers, companies, and NGO. Keywords: Cooperation, Economic Development, Rural Community, Sustainability, Ujung Kulon National Park Abstrak Kemiskinan di wilayah pedesaan masih menyisakan banyak masalah untuk Indonesia hari ini. Salah satu upaya yang bisa didorong adalah penguatan masyarakat desa dalam berbagai sektor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penguatan masyarakat dalam pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan melalui studi kasus petani madu hutan yakni Kelompok Tani Madu Hutan Ujung Kulon (KTMHUK) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon. Pentingnya penelitian ini didasarkan pada konsep yang ditawarkan oleh kelompok ini yang bisa diimplementasikan sebagai model dalam meningkatkan pembangunan ekonomi di Ujung Kulon dengan tetap mengedepankan upaya konservasi dan keberlanjutan melalui penguatan lembaga desa melalui koperasi dan mendirikan UMKM yang diorganisir oleh masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menganalisis berbagai literatur terkait dengan isu yang dibahas. Dengan demikian, dalam menganalisis kasus ini, penulis secara spesifik menggunakan teori pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan dari Michael Porter dan Claas van der Linde yang menjelaskan bahwa ada win-win opportunities dalam ekonomi dan lingkungan melalui upaya untuk mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan dalam proses produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan masyarakat di pedesaan, khususnya oleh kelompok

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