Cross-linked hen egg white lysozyme crystals (CL-HEWL) have been employed as supports to construct heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution, where rose bengal (RB) and Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) acted as a photosensitizer and H2-evolution catalysts, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses of the CL-HEWL immobilizing a precursor for PtNPs suggested that a coordination site of the precursor locates in immediate proximity to potential adsorption sites for RB. The accumulation of the components facilitated photo-induced electron transfer, resulting in efficient H2 evolution. These results suggest that porous protein crystals are promising platforms to periodically and rationally accumulate catalytic components by using molecular interactions.

Solidification morphology in high rate is studied in the constrained solidification of organic material. Tip radius of curvature of needle crystal has decreased with growth rate by power -1/2, irrespective of interfacial shape, dendrite or cellular. Primary arm spacing of needles has decreased with growth rate, and it has diverged at some critical high growth rate. It has resulted very far from dendrites to each other. It is observed that, near the critical rate, some dendrites predominantly grow and their higher order arms develop in the interdendritic region. These arms will grow to cellular morphology above the critical growth rate.

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Electrolyte jet machining is carried out by jetting the electrolyte from a nozzle toward the workpiece while applying voltage between the nozzle and workpiece. This machining method can selectively process metallic materials regardless of their hardness. Therefore, difficult-to-cut materials, such as a cemented tungsten carbide (WC) rod, which is used as a fine tool, can be machined effectively if a suitable electrolyte and power supply are used. In this research, a method for removing the material on a rotating cylindrical workpiece by using the side surface of an electrolyte jet was proposed. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal machining

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