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2.718 (-); h 0 , a parameter calculating the initial physiology state of the cells (g/L); I/S ratio, inulinase/invertase-type ratio (-); k, a parameter governing the rate at which the response variable approaches its potential maximum (-); MAE, mean-absolute-error; MGM, modified Gompertz model; MLM, modified logistic model; MMF, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin; MRM, modified Richards model; n, number of observations (-); Q inulinase , maximum inulinase production rate (U -1 • ml -1 • day -1 ); Q invertase-type , maximum invertase-type production rate (U -1 • ml -1 • day -1 ); R 2 , determination coefficient (-); Rcf, relative centrifuge force; RMSE, root-mean-square-error; SUY, sugar utilization yield (%); t, sampling time (day); UHFS, ultra high fructose syrup; v, dimensionless shape parameter (-); X, total dry biomass (g/L); β, growth displacement (-); ΔS, substrate consumption (g/L); λ, lag time (day).

Beta (β)-mannanase is one of the most important enzymes used in the industry and they are produced in particularly with Aspergillus sojae. In this study, large-scaled mannanase production by recombinant A. sojae (ATCC 11906) was performed at 30ºC, 15 lpm aeration rate, and 204 rpm stirring speed in the bioreactor (30-L). Fedbatch and microparticle enhanced cultivation strategies were used to improve the scale-up production in both glucose and carob pod extract media. For this purpose, different concentrations of magnesium silicate (3MgO.4SiO 2 .H 2 O, talc) (1, 3, 5, and 10 g/L) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) (1, 5, 10, and 15 g/L) as microparticle agents were supplemented into the fermentation media. The maximum enzyme activity was determined from carob extract-based medium as 302.6 U/ml with the addition of 3 g/L of magnesium silicate. Microparticle-enhanced large-scale bioreactor was successfully used to control the fungal growth, to perform repeatable fermentations, and to scale-up β-mannanase productions in fermentation. Practical applicationsThe role of mannanases in the energy, detergent, paper, pulp, and feed industry is well established and recently they have found the application field in the food technologies such as fruit maceration, gum modification, production of instant coffee and prebiotics, etc. Mannanases are mostly extracellular enzymes hydrolyzing the 1,4-β-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans. Mannanases are enzymes produced mainly from microorganisms but mannanases produced from plants have also been reported. However, microbes are the most potent producers of mannanases and represent the preferred source of enzymes because of their rapid growth, limited spaces required for cultivation, and ready accessibility to genetic manipulation. Microbial mannanases have become biotechnological importance since they target the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides of plant tissues into simple molecules such as mannooligosaccharides and mannoses.How to cite this article: Gürler HN, Erkan SB, Ozcan A, et al.Scale-up processing with different microparticle agent for β-mannanase production in a large-scale stirred tank bioreactor.

Beta (β)-mannanases are enzymes that hydrolyze mannans. There are various sources for β-mannanases such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, higher plants, seaweeds, etc. (Singh, Singh, & Arya, 2018). β-mannanases are generally extracellular enzymes that are often affected by some factors like pH, temperature, agitation, carbon source, and nitrogen source. They are widely used in paper and pulp industry, detergent industry, food industry, and as feed additive (Dhawan & Kaur, 2007). Another use of mannanases in the coffee industry is to decrease its viscosity. Coffee extract's viscosity is high because of its mannan content which makes the instant coffee process harder (Sachslehner, Foidl, Foidl, Gübitz, & Haltrich, 2000). Mannans consist of D-mannose and have a linear backbone of mannose residues with a β-1,4 mannosidic linkages. They can be provided from natural sources such as soybeans, ivory nuts, sugar beets, roots and tubers of orchids, coffee beans, etc. (Singh et al., 2018). There are physical, chemical, and mechanical methods such as enzymatic hydrolysis,