This paper examines the symbolic implications of Sylvia Plath's -Ariel‖ (1962). Plath is mostly recognized for her symbolic realistic techniques. As such, the study will introduce her writing techniques to have a comprehensive understanding of her writing manners. Realism is a common writing mode during the last phases of modernism. Therefore, Plath utilizes literary symbolic devices within expressionism in realistic techniques because she had been influenced by contemporary realistic poets. Being so, Plath wrote in the form of expressionism had not any concern with the state of individuals. They depended on expressionism to condemn complicated contemporary issues regarding industrialism and capitalism as products of systems not individuals. Being a realistic poet, similarly, Plath uses symbolic realistic verse and conversations in some of her poems. Thus, the study will focus on the metonymic symbolism in the poem as an expression of her reality around her.

This paper examines the feminist insights of the female individuality K. S. Maniam’s “Mala.” Female individuals, in psychoanalysis visions of delirium, have to cope with their needs and aspirations as their males counterparts. Women have to prove their ability stand and ask for their equality even in patriarchal dominated societies. They are a position that renders their human potential to do their affairs independently in the light of humanistic premises. Moreover, females could improve their status by asserting their given human ability to obtain equality and right position in whatever community. Yet, women may face obstacles and hindrances which might belittle their ability to assert their rights and potential thoughts. In this regard, females could be fruitful and active in society. The male conceptualization of females, on the other hand would lead women to be different and progress towards goodness. Therefore, it will apply Carl Yung’s concept of projection mechanism to explore the feminist psychic individuality in Maniam’s “Mala.” Thus, the study’s implication lies in its interpretation of feminist psychic individuality and how it this individuality controls the behavioral reaction of women.

This article examines the development of paranoia in John Burnside's A Summer of Drowning. The study will mainly focus on anxiety as the main cause of the protagonist's anxious feelings. The protagonist, Liv, suffers from paranoid feelings as a result of drowning her schoolmates. Consequently, she becomes psychically anxious.Her anxiety intensifies when she meets people whom she suspects of complicity in murdering her schoolmates.The study, in this respect, will follow a textual analysis of the protagonist's paranoia which constitutes her anxiety.It will provide a close reading of the protagonist's behaviors, feelings, and suspicion of other people.These behavioral attributes will be scrutinized as lucid indications of her psychic disorder. As such, Sigmund Freud's concept of anxiety is going to be applied in order to analyze the latent causes of the protagonist's anxiety, and paranoia thereof. The application of Freud's concept of anxiety will be detailed by discussing the psychoanalytical critical insights suitable to interpret anxiety and its negative effects upon the protagonist's behavior. She is triggered by her mother's predilection to nature, and she decides to resort to wild landscapes as exits for her paranoia.She prefers being away of people.Just so,she becomes aware of her natural surroundings, such as landscapes and meadows. Accordingly, Cheryll Glotfelty's concept of eco-consciousness and Greg Garrard's concept of dwelling will be utilized to analyze the novel's natural settings as exits for the protagonist's anxiety.Together, these concepts are going to be the interdisciplinary approach to explore the protagonist seeking of solace and peace of mind in nature.

This article examines the interdisciplinary ecocriticism in John Burnside's The Dumb House (1997). The study focuses on two critical perspectives. The first of these is ecocriticism. The main focus will be on two ecocritical concepts, dwelling and ecoconsciousness. The concept of dwelling will be mainly addressed by referring to Greg Garrard's postulation of dwelling and using it to analyze natural settings in fictional works. Dwelling, therefore, will be applied to analyze the novel's setting. Second, using ecoconsciousness, the analysis will draw on Cheryll Glotfelty's formulation of ecoconsciousness and its critical interface with other interdisciplinary approaches. Psychoanalysis will be the interdisciplinary method used, along with dwelling and ecoconsciousness. Sigmund Freud's concept of anxiety is the sole psychoanalytical concept that will be used in this study. Considering anxiety reveals the novel's protagonist's inner feelings, caused by repression and remembering the past. Thus the novel's natural setting is a remedial exit for the protagonist's anxiety.