Problem solving is at the heart of mathematics, and is known to support learning for a diverse range of children. However, challenges can be encountered when teaching mathematics through problem solving. This article provides insights from research literature into (a) the nature of the challenges, and (b) some ways that problem solving can be implemented in the primary classroom. We draw upon some of our own action-research experiences, and those of colleagues, engaged in exploring and learning about teaching mathematics using a problem-solving approach.