Pitoyo A, Prameta AA, Marsusi, Suratman, Suranto. 2018. Morphological, anatomical and isozyme variability among taro (Colocasia esculenta) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1811-1819. The objective of this study was to evaluate morphological, anatomical and isozyme variability among taro accessions from southeastern part of Central Java (Indonesia). A total of 20 taro accessions were collected from a wide range of sites during field surveys. Morphological characters measurements were taken on vegetative structures such as roots, stems, leaves, and corms. Anatomical characters were observed from both paradermal and transverse sections of leaf. Identification of biochemical markers was done by using peroxidase and esterase isozyme system. A UPGMA dendrogram among accessions was constructed based on the genetic similarity matrix by applying a cluster analysis using a computer programme, NTSYS Version 2.00. The analysis of variance for morphological and anatomical characters revealed that there was significant difference for majority of the tested traits indicating that there was a variability among the taro accessions. Polymorphism was observed using isozymes of esterase (12 banding pattern) and peroxidase (8 banding pattern). Based on the dendrogram at a level of 62 % similarity, taro accessions were segregated into two major clusters. In Cluster I, the closest relationship was shown between SKH and SKA accessions that had 96 % coefficient of similarity. The ten accessions from Klaten, Sragen, and Karanganyar were then clustered separately as Cluster II with coefficient of similarity 73.52 %.

The types of flowering plants which can produce nectar and pollen as a food source for bees are known as bee feed. Apis dorsata honey bee is a bee that is known to have relatively high productivity. Apis dorsata’s life depends a great deal on its food. Bee feeding needs must be met at all times to keep bees alive. West Kalimantan is believed to have a fairly large potential for bee food plants, but there is not much information about the types of flowering plants as a source of bee feed. This study aims to identify the type of food plant for the honey bee Apis dorsata in Kapuas Hulu Regency. The study was conducted in Nanga Leboyan Village, Semangit Village, Semalah Village, Tempurau Village, and Meliau Village located in the Sentarum Lake Area, Kapuas Hulu Regency. Honey bee feed sampling is done by observing the plants visited by honey bees, and then plant samples are identified. Information about the types of bee-feeding plants was also obtained through interviews with the honey farmers in the five villages. These data were then analyzed in a descriptive way. The study found that 16 species of Apis dorsata honey bee feed plants (Ixora mentangis, Timonius flavescens (Jacq) Baker, Syzygium inophyllum, Syzygium attenuatum (Miq) Merr & L.M Perry, Syzygium cauliflora, Dryobalanops oblongifolia Dyer, Shorea balangeran, Dipterocarpus spp., Carallia bracteata, Gluta renghas, Gluta pubescens, Memecylon edule, Baringtonia acutangula, Terminalia cattapa L., Litsea resinosa, and Fragraea fragrans Roxb) in Kapuas Hulu Regency which belong to 10 families.Keywords: Apis dorsata, Feed plants, Kapuas Hulu AbstrakJenis-jenis tumbuhan berbunga yang dapat menghasilkan nektar dan polen sebagai sumber pakan lebah dinamakan pakan lebah. Lebah madu Apis dorsata merupakan lebah yang dikenal memiliki produktivitas yang cukup tinggi. Kehidupan lebah Apis dorsata sangat bergantung pada pakannya. Kebutuhan pakan lebah harus terpenuhi sepanjang waktu untuk mempertahankan kehidupan lebah. Kalimantan Barat diyakini memiliki potensi tanaman pakan lebah yang cukup besar, akan tetapi belum banyak informasi tentang jenis-jenis tanaman berbunga sebagai sumber pakan lebah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan pakan lebah madu Apis dorsata di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Nanga Leboyan, Desa Semangit, Desa Semalah, Desa Tempurau, dan Desa Meliau yang berada di Kawasan Danau Sentarum Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Pengambilan sampel pakan lebah madu dilakukan dengan mengamati tumbuhan yang sedang didatangi oleh lebah madu, selanjutnya sampel tumbuhan diidentifikasi. Informasi jenis tumbuhan pakan lebah juga diambil dengan teknik wawancara yang dilakukan kepada petani madu yang ada di lima desa tersebut. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis secara deksriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 16 jenis tumbuhan pakan lebah madu Apis dorsata (Ixora mentangis, Timonius flavescens (Jacq) Baker, Syzygium inophyllum, Syzygium attenuatum (Miq) Merr & L.M Perry, Syzygium cauliflora, Dryobalanops oblongifolia Dyer, Shorea balangeran, Dipterocarpus spp., Carallia bracteata, Gluta renghas, Gluta pubescens, Memecylon edule, Baringtonia acutangula, Terminalia cattapa L., Litsea resinosa, dan Fragraea fragrans Roxb) di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu yang termasuk ke dalam 10 famili.Kata kunci: Apis dorsata, Kapuas Hulu, Tumbuhan pakan

Honey is a sweet natural liquid produced by honey bees from the nectar of plant flowers (floral nectar), other parts of plants (extra floral nectar), or insect excretions. One of the largest honey-producing areas in Indonesia is located in Semalah Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze the quality of Apis dorsata honey bees produced in Semalah Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This research was conducted from January to March 2022. The sampling of tikung and lalau honey from Apis dorsata bees was taken by purposive sampling technique. The sample then were analyzed for physical quality (smell and taste) and chemical (water content, acidity, HMF levels, glucose, sucrose, and diastase enzyme activity) at the Food Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Pasundan University, Bandung. The data was then analyzed descriptively and adjusted to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Number 8664:2018 regarding honey. Based on the results of the organleptic test, the two samples of tikung honey and lalau honey of Apis dorsata bees from Semalah Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency had honey characteristics by SNI number 8664 of 2018, and based on the results of the chemical test of honey, all test parameters (acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural levels, glucose, sucrose, and diastase enzyme activity) in accordance with SNI number 8664 of 2018 concerning honey, except for the water content parameter. The water content in samples of tikung honey and lalau honey of Apis dorsata bees from Semalah village, Kapuas Hulu Regency did not meet the standards set by SNI number 8664 of 2018. Keywords: Quality, Honey, Apis dorsata, Semalah Village  Abstrak  Madu adalah cairan alami dengan rasa manis yang dihasilkan oleh lebah madu dari nektar bunga tanaman (floral nektar), bagian lain dari tanaman (ekstra floral nektar) atau ekskresi serangga. Kalimantan Barat khususnya Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil madu terbesar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas madu lebah Apis dorsata yang dihasilkan di Desa Semalah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2022. Pengambilan sampel madu tikung dan lalau lebah Apis dorsata dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel selanjutnya akan dianalisis kualitas fisik (bau dan rasa) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar HMF, keasaman, glukosa, sukrosa, dan aktivitas enzim diastase) di Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pasundan Bandung. Data kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disesuaikan dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Nomor 8664:2018 tentang madu. Berdasarkan hasil uji organleptik, kedua sampel madu tikung dan madu lalau lebah Apis dorsata asal Desa Semalah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu memiliki karakter madu sesuai dengan SNI nomor 8664 tahun 2018 dan berdasarkan hasil uji kimia madu, seluruh paramater uji (keasaman, kadar hidroksimetilfurfural, glukosa, sukrosa, dan aktivitas enzim diastase) sesuai dengan SNI nomor 8664 tahun 2018 tentang madu, kecuali pada parameter kadar air. Kadar air pada sampel madu tikung dan madu lalau lebah Apis dorsata asal desa Semalah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu tidak memenuhi standar yang sudah ditetapkan oleh SNI nomor 8664 tahun 2018. Kata kunci: Kualitas, Madu, Apis dorsata, Desa Semalah

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Estrogen is an important hormone in the female reproductive system, as well as other systems in men and women. The decrease of estrogen levels mainly occurs in the menopause phase. The decrease of estrogen is one indication of the presence of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Decreased levels of estrogen can be treated by administering exogenous estrogen such as Estradiol-17β. However, long-term administration of estradiol plays an important role in tumor cell growth. Phytoestrogens are plant-basedpolyphenolic compounds that have a structure and biological activity similar to the estrogen. Phytoestrogens can be derived from alkaloid compounds, one of which is found in the soursop (Annona muricata) leaves. The purpose of this study was to analysis the potential phytoestrogens of selected alkaloid in the A. muricata leaves. The analysis was carried out using the insilico approach using molecular docking methods, pharmacokinetic analysis and druglikeness. The molecular docking results showed that the ligands could bind to the receptors on the specific binding site with the lowest binding affinity value approaching the control ligands, namely the Anonaine compound of -8.6 kcal / mol, followed by Xylopine compound of -7.8 kcal / mol and Annonamine of -7.0 kcal / mol. The results of pharmacokinetic and druglikeness showed that all ligand compounds have a good ability to be absorbed in the gastrointestine and have a good bioavalaibility as an oral drug.