Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanolik jamur kuping (Auricularia auricula) yang diimbuhkan pada pakan terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan morfologi usus halus ayam jawa super [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)]. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri atas lima perlakuan, dengan 20 ekor Day-old Chicks (DOC) pada masing-masing perlakuan sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan kontrol dengan pakan basal, perlakuan P1 dengan pemberian tambahan 1,25 g ekstrak etanolik A. auricula/kg dalam pakan basal, perlakuan P2 dengan 2,5 g ekstrak etanolik A. auricula/kg pakan basal, perlakuan P3 dengan 5 g ekstrak etanolik A. auricula/kg pakan basal, dan perlakuan P4 dengan 7,5 g ekstrak etanolik A. auricula/kg pakan basal. Pakan diberikan hingga umur 15 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat badan ayam pada umur pasca menetas, 3, 7, 12, dan 15 hari, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) serta ketinggian villi, kedalaman kripta dan rasio villi/kripta usus halus di umur ayam ke-0 dan 15 hari. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji sidik ragam satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dengan signifikansi P?0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat badan, capaian berat badan, asupan pakan, nilai FCR dan morfologi usus halus pada ayam jawa super pada perlakuan P3 dan perlakuan P4 pada hari ke-15 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan perlakuan lainnya (P?0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik A. auricula/ dapat memberikan pengaruh baik terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan morfologi usus halus ayam jawa super.
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common health problems found during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Trimethyltin-induced rat is known as an animal model of hippocampal degeneration with no data on enteric neurodegeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of trimethyltin (TMT) induction on the gastrointestinal tract. A 28-day animal study with male Sprague–Dawley rats (3 months old, 150–200 g) given a single TMT injection (8 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) was conducted. The number of neurons in the colonic myenteric plexus was measured using stereological estimation. Histological scoring of colon inflammation, immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and quantitative PCR were conducted. This study showed neuronal loss in the colonic myenteric plexus of TMT-induced rat model of neurodegeneration. Minor colon inflammation characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and slightly higher expression of TNF-α in the colon mucosa were observed in the TMT-induced rat. However, the gut microbiota composition of the TMT-induced rat was not different from that of the control rats. This study demonstrates that TMT induces colonic myenteric plexus neurodegeneration and minor colon inflammation, which suggests the potential of this animal model to elucidate the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases.
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