IntroductionWe present two consensus definitions of advanced and late stage liver disease being used as epidemiological tools. These definitions can be applied to assess the morbidity caused by liver diseases in different health care systems. We focus is on hepatitis B and C virus infections, because effective and well tolerated treatments for both of these infections have greatly improved our ability to successfully treat and prevent advanced and late stage disease, especially if diagnosed early. A consensus definition of late presentation with viral hepatitis is important to create a homogenous, easy-to-use reference for public health authorities in Europe and elsewhere to better assess the clinical situation on a population basis.MethodsA working group including viral hepatitis experts from the European Association for the Study of the Liver, experts from the HIV in Europe Initiative, and relevant stakeholders including patient advocacy groups, health policy-makers, international health organisations and surveillance experts, met in 2014 and 2015 to develop a draft consensus definition of late presentation with viral hepatitis for medical care. This was refined through subsequent consultations among the group.ResultsTwo definitions were agreed upon. Presentation with advanced liver disease caused by chronic viral hepatitis for medical care is defined as a patient with chronic hepatitis B and C and significant fibrosis (≥ F3 assessed by either APRI score > 1.5, FIB-4 > 3.25, Fibrotest > 0.59 or alternatively transient elastography (FibroScan) > 9.5 kPa or liver biopsy ≥ METAVIR stage F3) with no previous antiviral treatment. Late stage liver disease caused by chronic viral hepatitis is clinically defined by the presence of decompensated cirrhosis (at least one symptom of the following: jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, clinically detectable ascites, variceal bleeding) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionThese consensus definitions will help to improve epidemiological understanding of viral hepatitis and possibly other liver diseases, as well as testing policies and strategies.
Samenvatting Het doel van het onderzoek, uitgevoerd door De Regenboog Groep, Stichting Mainline en GGD Amsterdam, is het opsporen van hepatitis C (HCV) onder cliënten van de Maatschappelijke Opvang (MO) in Amsterdam. Aan cliënten van veertien MO-locaties werd in de periode augustus-december 2017 gevraagd een risicochecklist in te vullen en zich te laten testen op hepatitis C-antilichamen (anti-HCV) door middel van een oral swab. Bij een positieve uitslag werd HCV-RNA getest. Uit de zelfrapportage van 233 cliënten blijkt dat 90 % risico heeft gelopen op HCV. Getest zijn 225 cliënten, van wie 22 (9,8 %) anti-HCVpositief, onder wie 10 (4,4 %) HCV-RNA-positief. Er is hoge uitval (50 %) tussen het testen op anti-HCV en de behandeling. Prevalentie van anti-HCV in deze doelgroep is aanzienlijk hoger dan de prevalentie van anti-HCV in Nederland (9,8 % versus 0,2-0,4 %). De doelgroep behoort dus tot een risicogroep voor HCV en moet volgens het advies van de Gezondheidsraad worden opgespoord. Aanbevolen wordt om onmiddellijk na een positief anti-HCV-resultaat, HCV-RNA op locatie te testen en gebruik te maken van tests met vingerprikbloed.
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