Cement kiln dust (CKD) samples of which have been reported to stimulate growth in cattle and sheep, was fed to weanling pigs in a 42-d experiment. CKD at levels of 1.5 and 3.0% was added to a corn-soybean meal-oats-whey-type diet containing inadequate amounts of Ca (.4% of the diet) to provide final dietary Ca levels of .85 and 1.3%. A diet containing 3% limestone (1.3% dietary Ca) served as a positive control. Body weight gain was depressed by 3.0% CKD, and histopathological lesions of the humerus, not typical of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism or rickets, were observed. The lesions detected were osteonecrosis, thinning of the cortex and reduction in the width of the epiphyseal cartilage. Width of the proximal epiphyseal plate and cortical index of the humerus (width of cortex divided by total diameter at narrowest point of diaphysis) were smaller in pigs fed 3% CKD than in pigs fed 3% limestone. CKD contained 2.3% A1, 15 ppm Cd and 110 ppm Pb, providing 690, .45 and 3.3 ppm of A1, Cd and Pb, respectively, in the diet containing 3% CKD. Kidney, liver and bone ash concentrations of these three minerals were not increased by CKD, and typical toxicity signs were absent. It is concluded that CKD may contain one or more factors that interfere with normal bone metabolism in growing pigs when the diet contains 3.0% CKD.

This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying and describing effective and ineffective interventions used to reduce or alleviate the discomfort of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). Environmental factors which aggravate or reduce the discomfort of NVP were also identified. The study was conducted during a four-month period in 1990. Study participants included 92 pregnant women in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy who had experienced NVP at least once during the pregnancy. Participants were accessed through seven clinics providing prenatal care to women in all trimesters of pregnancy. In addition to demographic questions, data were obtained by utilization of the Fatigue and Nausea Questionnaire, Part II. Demographics and the Nausea and Fatigue Part Il questions were descriptively analyzed for the entire sample. Chi-Square statistical analyses were calculated to identify a potential relationship between the environmental factors of husband, family, friend, employer, and co-worker support and the degree of NVP experienced by the study respondents.Findings from the study revealed that lying down, getting more rest, and eating small frequent meals were the most commonly utilized effective relief measures. Precipitating factors occurring with the most frequency included odors, hunger, and fatigue. No statistically significant relationships were identified between family and friend support, stress, and social habits and the degree of nausea and vomiting experienced by the respondents during pregnancy.