Our results establish circulating miRNAs as a readily accessible blood biomarker to monitor disease in MS.

Background: Conflicting data describe Interleukin 33 as a nuclear factor and ligand for a transmembrane receptor complex. Results: IL-33 displays multi-compartmental geography, inter-organelle flux and extracellular release from mechanically stressed cells. Conclusion: IL-33 manifests dynamic subcellular mobility and secretion from living cells upon biomechanical strain. Significance: IL-33 belongs to a group of factors displaying dual inflammatory and mechano-responsive properties.