yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel materyal olarak 1103P anacı üzerine aşılı, kordon şeklinde terbiye edilmiş, sıra arası ve sıra üzeri 3.5x2.0 m mesafelerde dikilmiş, üç yaşlı Trakya İlkeren asma çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada üç farklı su seviyesi uygulamasının yapıldığı (sulanmayan (kontrol), %50 ve tam (%100 su seviyesi) bir parselde yabancı ot kontrolünü sağlamak amacıyla dört farklı malç materyali (siyah plastik örtü, kuru malç, buğday samanı ve bazaltik pomza) denenmiştir. Farklı örtü materyali ve sulama uygulamalarının etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, yabancı ot türleri, genel yabancı ot kaplama alanı, yabancı otların yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları incelenmiştir. Farklı sulama uygulamalarının yapıldığı tüm parsellerde, yabancı otların büyük çoğunluğunun tek yıllık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yabancı ot kaplama alanı ile yabancı otların yaş ve kuru ağırlığı yönünden en düşük değerler tüm sulama uygulamalarında siyah plastik malç ve en yüksek değerler kontrol parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Yabancı otların yaş ve kuru ağırlığı yönünden sulamasız (470 g ve 215 g), %50 su (1670 g ve 625 g) ve tam su uygulamalarında siyah plastik malçtan sonraki en düşük değerler saman malçından (745 g ve 165 g) alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak bağda, sulamasız, %50 ve tam su uygulamalarında, sıra üzerindeki yabancı otların siyah plastik malç ve buğday samanı malçı ile kontrol edilmesinin mümkün olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bu çalışma 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında farklı etki mekanizmasına sahip olan Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (ALS) ve Clodinafop-propargyl (ACCase) herbisitlerinin kısır yabani yulaf (Avena sterilis L.) popülasyonlarına karşı etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Osmaniye ili buğday tarlalarından toplanan kısır yabani yulafa ait popülasyonlarla kurulan sera denemelerinde uygulanan herbisitlerin bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlığa olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Osmaniye ili yoğun buğday ekimi yapılan alanlarda Mayıs ayında her 3 km'de bir 50 noktada duruş yapılarak sadece 15 tarlada kısır yabani yulaf popülasyonlarına ait örneklemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra buğday tarlalarından toplanan olgun kısır yabani yulaf tohumlarıyla sera denemeleri kurulmuştur. Popülasyonlarda bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlığa olan etkinin belirlenmesinde iki farklı etki mekanizmasına sahip herbisitin üç farklı (N/2, N: tavsiye dozu, 2N) dozu uygulanmıştır. Bitki boylarına göre tavsiye dozlarında ALS inhibitöründe popülasyonların %50'sinin, ACCase inhibitöründe ise %27'sinin etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Yaş ağırlıklarda ise ALS inhibitöründe %50'sinin, ACCase inhibitöründe %20'sinin etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Popülasyonlar üzerinde tavsiye dozu başta olmak üzere, bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlığa olan genel etkiler ALS inhibitöründe daha yüksek saptanmıştır.
Determination of weed species, frequencies and densities in leaf edible vegetable minor crops in Eastern Mediterranean Region A weed survey of 440.3 hectare minor crops (lettuce, parsley, mint, rocket, purslane, cress, dill) in Eastern Mediterranean was conducted during 2015-2016 to determine the frequency and distribution of weeds in vegetable farming systems. The field surveys were conducted early and late growing between January to December before harvesting; therefore the weed populations consisted of species that causes yield losses were presented during the early part of growing season. All weed measures of frequency was carried out. During the field surveys, weeds were counted in 96 fields. 51 species recorded, 8 species encountered more than 14% percent. The most abundant weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L. 27.08%,
This study was carried out under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019 to determine the critical period for weed control in sunflower depending on the daily growth temperature (GDD) and weed species. A log-logistic model with four parameters was used to determine the relationship between relative crop yield and both increased weed intervention time and length of weed-free periods. In addition, dominant weeds and weed densities were determined in the experimental area. Data obtained from different periods of weed intervention were compared with data obtained from seasonal weed-free plots. During the sunflower growing season, 37.4% – 41.04% yield loss was determined in sunflower due to weed competition. For 5% acceptable yield loss in the first year, the critical period in weed control was determined as 243-1181 GDD; this is 24-86 days after the crop emergence (DAE) . It was found between 269 and 1409 GDD (16-72 DAE) in the second year. In sunflower, it was determined that the removal of weeds from the plot in the weed-free period started within 2-3 weeks from the emergence and continued for 10-12 weeks. These findings may help sunflower growers to plan and implement cost-effective and appropriate weed control programs.
This study was carried out to determine the impact of three-year crop rotation in sampling fields on winter wild oat (Avena sterilis L.) populations in Osmaniye wheat sown areas. The study was conducted in Osmaniye province between the years 2013-2015. A total of 103 fields in 7 districts' wheat sown areas were determined; these sampling fields were visited every year during May-August and effects of different crops sown on winter wild oat populations were observed. Besides determining frequency of occurrence, randomly chosen general coverage in 1 decare and special coverage in 1 m2 in three points were specified. As a result of the study, it was determined that all of the crops except wheat decreased winter wild oat populations and it was found that the changes were related to the crop rotations. It was determined that corn, sunflower, soybean and peanut sown in 2nd and 3rd year instead of wheat decreased the frequency of winter wild oat at 2% and below. Moreover, when the three-year crop rotation system was analyzed, it was revealed that the maximum decrease in winter wild oat population general coverage occurred in 4 crop rotation period. It can be found that populations decrease can be up to more than 90% when compared to 2 and 3 crop rotation systems. It was concluded that crop rotations are sufficient in controlling winter wild oat that are problematic in wheat fields.
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