Background: Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten; belongs the Asteraceae family and has common uses in some countries folk medicine. Objective: In this study, the determination of some antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of C. vulgare which is wild-grown from Turkey is aimed. Methods: Crude extracts of plants were obtained by using n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvent. Total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity were determined in extracts. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Bacillus subtilis (NRRL NRS-744) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Results: The TPC and DPPH activities of extracts revealed significant differences by following sequence MeOH > diethyl ether > EtOAc > n-hexane. The highest inhibition effect of C. vulgare was found on P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Results presented that C. vulgare can be researched for future investigations for isolations of biologically active compounds, where some of their characteristics are expected to be contribute to the natural compounds in pharmaceutical industry.

In the GC-MS analysis, 81 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the hexane extracts of Cirsium creticum and Cirsium italicum. Terpenoids constituted the main fractions of C. italicum (70.95 %) while hydrocarbons were most abundant compounds of C. creticum (41.11 %). The antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of extracts from two Cirsium species was tested by using microdilution methods. According to the results of antibacterial activity, highest inhibition effect of C. creticum was found on B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The highest inhibition effect of C. italicum was found on B. subtilis. In the results of antifungal activity, highest inhibition effect of C. creticum was found on P. chrysogenum and highest inhibition effect of C. italicum was found on C. krusei. The present work is the first report on hexane extracts compounds of two Cirsium species as well as the antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Cirsium italicum (Savi) DC. was researched for its phytochemicals for the first time. Two new biflavonoids, 5,5'',7''-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-4'-4'''-O-biflavone (3), (8,3',4',5'-tetrahydroxy-7-O-α-glucosyl isoflavone)-6-8''-(4'''-hydroxy-7''-O-αglucosyl isoflavone) biflavone ( 7), a new isoflavone, 6-2'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy isoflavonone-4'-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (5) and a new phenolic compound, ethyl-(2,3dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-4-acetyl) benzoate (4), together with three known compounds (1), ( 2) and ( 6) were isolated from C. italicum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, and MS data analyses. All compounds isolated from C. italicum exhibited antioxidant activity, however the highest activity of the EtOAc extract is considered to be responsible for compounds (1), (2) and (3) being the main compounds.

The Brassicaceae family which is one of the ten most economically important plant families in the world, contains 338 genera and 3350 species that are distributed worldwide. The genus Isatis, belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The Isatis species has antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral properties. Flavonoids and phenolics are very widespread bioactive secondary plant metabolites in herbal medicine. The present review summarizes the flavonoid and phenolic compounds derivatives from the genus Isatis and aiming to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Isatis species as a source of bioactive flavonoid and phenolic compounds.

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