_________________________________Repulsive interactions between neutrons in compact stellar cores cause luminosity and a steady outflow of hydrogen from stellar surfaces. Neutron repulsion in more massive compact objects made by gravitational collapse produces violent, energetic, cosmological events (quasars, gamma ray bursts, and active galactic centers) that had been attributed to black holes before neutron repulsion was recognized. Rather than evolving in one direction by fusion, nuclear matter on the cosmological scale cycles between fusion, gravitational collapse, and dissociation (including neutron-emission). This cycle involves neither the production of matter in an initial "Big Bang" nor the disappearance of matter into black holes. The similarity Bohr noted between atomic and planetary structures extends to a similarity between nuclear and stellar structures.

the RHESSI spacecraft spectrometer indicate that the CNO cycle occurs at the solar surface, in electrical discharges along closed magnetic loops. At the two feet of the loop, H + ions are accelerated to energy levels that surpass Coulomb barriers for the 12 C( 1 H, !) 13 N and 14 N( 1 H, !) 15 O reactions. First x-rays appear along the discharge path. Next annihilation of " + -particles from 13 N and 15 O (t! = 10 m and 2 m) produce bright spots of 0.511 MeV !'s at the loop feet. As 13 C increases from " + -decay of 13 N, the 13 C(#, n) 16 O reaction produces neutrons and then the 2.2 MeV emission line appears from n-capture on 1 H. These results suggest that the CNO cycle changed the 15 N/ 14 N ratio in the solar wind and at the solar surface over geologic time, and this ratio may contain an important historical record of climate changes related to sunspot activity._________________________________

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