3 Sarna A, Porwal A, Ramesh S, et al. Characterisation of the types of anaemia prevalent among children and adolescents aged 1-19 years in India: a population-based study.

Introduction: Bilirubin is a frequently ordered investigation in neonatal intensive care units and out-patient practice during follow- up. The gold standard for its estimation is serum bilirubin which is invasive resulting in parenteral apprehension, pain, discomfort and iatrogenic anaemia in a neonate, while the non-invasive measurement by transcutaneous bilirubinometer is not available in all the centres because of its cost. Biliscan is a smartphone application that uses a phone’s inbuilt camera and a colour calibration card to detect neonatal jaundice. We compared bilirubin measured by Biliscan with reference to serum bilirubin among neonates admitted to a tertiary care centre. Methods: We conducted an observational study from June-2019 to September-2019 at a tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, India. Inborn neonates (greater than > 35 weeks gestational age at birth, and less than a week old) who required bilirubin estimation, underwent both invasive serum sampling and non-invasive estimation by Biliscan. Photograph of the baby’s chest was captured using the colour calibration card of the Biliscan application. Bilirubin values derived from the Biliscan application were compared to those derived from blood samples. Results: A total of 143 neonates were enrolled. The mean bilirubin value estimated by serum sampling was 11.9 g/dl against 13.1 g/dl of that derived from smartphone application. Biliscan and serum bilirubin showed moderate agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.6. Bland- Altman plot constructed showed bias of 1.1 with the limits of agreement ranging from -3 to +5.3. Biliscan had a good sensitivity of 90% in identifying high levels of serum bilirubin (> 95th percentile on Bhutani nomogram). Conclusion: Biliscan application is a non-invasive, real-time, inexpensive and an easily available method that cannot replace serum bilirubin, however can complement and has the potential to help in screening neonates thus facilitating recognition of jaundice early and minimising the number of invasive pricks.

Background: With advancements of perinatal, neonatal care congenital defects were the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed world. It is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Its incidence also influenced by many preventable risk factors. Hence, we are carried out this study to know the changing pattern of congenital anomalies and to know the effect of environmental risk factors on congenital anomalies.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted at Niloufer hospital Hyderabad during period from November 2017 to 2018. We included intramural and extramural babies. Analysed data by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Most common system involved was Central nervous system (CNS) with 25 cases out of 112 cases followed by Gastrointestinal system (GIT)and Cardiovascular system (CVS). Meningomyelocele, anorectal malformations and acyanotic heart diseases were most common type of congenital anomalies. Thirty seven to forty weeks gestational age group babies were most commonly have congenital anomalies than other gestational age group babies. Low birth weight babies had higher percentage of congenital anomalies (2.64%). Congenital anomalies were more in the male sex (2.53%) as compared to female babies (1.73%). Maternal obesity, consanguineous marriage and previous family history of congenital anomalies associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies with significant p values.Conclusions: Incidence of congenital anomalies was 2.15%. Most of congenital anomalies were involved in CNS. Birth weight, Gestational age, Male sex, consanguineous marriage, maternal Obesity and previous family history of congenital anomalies were significantly associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies.

Introduction: Denture adhesive (DA) is defined as a material used to adhere a denture to the oral mucosa. It plays an important role in the retention and the functional comfort among denture wearers. There are conflicting views in dentistry regarding the use of denture adhesives in clinical practice. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to reveal the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding denture adhesives among the dental practitioners of Chitwan district, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A 20 item questionnaire was distributed among the registered dental practitioners of Chitwan districts using online google forms and the printed questionnaires were distributed personally to the practitioners who were accessible. Data were entered into Microsoft 2007 excel sheet and descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: The results showed that 69.1% of General dental practitioners and 50% of other specialists had average knowledge while all the prosthodontics had good knowledge regarding denture adhesives. About 96.80% of General dental practitioners, 60% of other specialists frequently use denture adhesive in their practice. Only 20.2% of general dental practitioners and 20% of other specialists knew the adverse effects of zinc-containing denture adhesives. Most of the dental practitioners (93%) used powder form of denture adhesives. Conclusion: Most of the dental practitioners of Chitwan had fair knowledge, attitude and practice regarding denture adhesives.