Background: Pregnant women undergoes myriad of changes largely modulated by hormonal, immunologic, vascular and metabolic factors thus making them susceptible to various physiological and pathological changes. Aim: Due to lack of detailed literature, especially from our region, this study was conducted to examine both physiological changes and specific dermatoses of pregnancy. Material and Methods: 100 consecutive pregnant females attending the out-patient department between August 2018 to April 2019 for routine obstetric checkup irrespective of gestational age and parity were enrolled. General physical examination, cutaneous examination including mucosa, hair and nails was done. Cutaneous changes during pregnancy were divided into three categories, namely, physiological changes, Pregnancy Specific Dermatoses (PSD), and skin diseases affected by pregnancy. Results: In this study, the mean age was 25 years (range: 18-33 years), of which primigravida were 32% and multigravida constituted 68% of the sample, maximum patients (48%) were in 3rd trimester. 100% cases presented with physiological skin changes of pregnancy, 2% had specific dermatoses of pregnancy, whereas 14% presented with other dermatosis associated with pregnancy. Among the physiological changes, hyperpigmentation was the most common cutaneous finding with linea nigra the commonest pattern in 82% followed by connective tissue changes of pregnancy that is striae gravidarum in 68% of cases. Among the specific dermatosis of pregnancy, 2 (2%) cases of Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (PUPPP) were documented. The most common infectious dermatosis affected by pregnancy in this study group was vulvovaginal candidiasis (5 cases). Conclusion:This study brings focus on pregnancy-specific and non-specific dermatoses.

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage, a life-threatening event, is defined as bleeding per vaginum occurring after the fetus has reached the period of viability, considered to be 20 weeks in developed countries and 28 weeks in countries with low resource settings. We evaluated the consequences of antepartum haemorrhage, their maternal and perinatal outcome so as to outline the proper management of patient in order to improve both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This one-year prospective study totaled 133 cases of APH fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Data was recorded on the MS excel sheet for further analysis and processing.Results: Total 6693 deliveries were conducted out of which 133 presented as APH and incidence of APH was found out to be 1.98%. Placenta previa was most common. APH was commonly associated with multigravida and most cases were in age group of 26-30 years. Most of the PP and abruption cases were admitted at 34-37 weeks and 31-33 weeks respectively. High risk factors included previous LSCS and D and C, hypertension, multiple pregnancies and malpresentations. Most of the patients underwent preterm LSCS. Most fetal complications were due to prematurity. 58.6% patients were transfused blood. Overall perinatal mortality was 20.1% and maternal mortality was zero.Conclusions: Early diagnoses, timely referrals and transfusion facilities along with trained team of doctors with well-equipped ICU facility goes a long way in avoiding APH related maternak and fetal complications.

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