The world health organization (WHO) has declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) outbreak a pandemic, and quarantines are playing a vital role in containing its spread. But globally, the defections of the quarantined subjects are raising serious concerns. If COVID-19 positive, the absconding quarantine subjects can infect more people, which makes their timely detection vital. As the literature suggests, a wearable makes a subject more compliant towards healthcare routines/restrictions; thus, in this work, we have designed an IoT based wearable quarantine band (IoT-Q-Band) to detect the absconding. While designing it, we kept in mind the cost, global supply chain disruption, and COVID-19 quarantine duration, which the WHO recommends. This wearable prototype, with the bundled mobile app, reports and tracks the absconding quarantine subjects in real-time. IoT-Q-Band is an economical solution that could benefit lowincome regions to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

In a country with an extensive road network, it is very tough for authorities to identify and repair the potholes on time, which emerge due to casual wear and tear of the road. These potholes are dangerous for unsuspecting high-speed vehicles and results in multiple life-threatening accidents year-round. Apart from potholes, another severe concern about the time spent on roads is air pollution. Breathing the polluted air, mainly containing the particulate matter that has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers, is toxic to humans. In this work, we have judiciously designed an Internet of Things based smart helmet, which uses crowdsourcing to report potholes and collect crucial on-road air pollution data so that a person could avoid risk to life and health. We have also introduced the novel concept of remembrance factor and severity index, which could be useful in dealing with the stale and invalid pothole data in the database.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreakrelated lockdowns have shown that the current public distribution systems (PDS) are inefficient, as it does not reach the needy on-time. Considering a vast country like India, where the population is large and unevenly distributed, the PDS is complicated, aiming to reach out to individuals on-time. If the authorities know in prior, the urgency and demand for food supplies, they can efficiently plan food distribution to reach the individuals quickly. In this work, we propose solutions for the said problem through the Internet of Things (IoT) based architectures, which are inspired by our prior works [1] and [2]. The proposed IoT architecture utilizes a wireless device, wireless data network infrastructure, and cloud technology.The wireless device triggers a ticket or notification to the concerned authority, identifying the person in need of food supplies and the overall demand in a geographic area. A case study-based design approach is followed for designing these IoT architectures.