This work presents stepwise design and synthesis of a set of amide-based compounds, L1−L3, assisted by the crystal engineering approach. Out of the three compounds, L3 successfully acted as a low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) and formed a gel that was characterized using an array of spectroscopic, rheological, and microscopic imaging techniques. LMWG L3 was used for the nanomolar sensing of a few antibiotics while it also formed stable gel with them. The L3@antibiotic gel was found to hold an antibiotic effectively within its fibrous network, thus creating potential opportunities for the removal of residual antibiotics from contaminated sources.

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In this work, two Schiff-base-based chemosensors L1 and L2 containing electron-rich quinoline and anthracene rings were designed. L1 is AIEE active in a MeOH-H2O solvent system while formed aggregates as confirmed by the DLS measurements and fluorescence lifetime studies. The chemosensor L1 was used for the sensitive, selective, and reversible ‘turn-on’ detection of Al3+ and Ga3+ ions as well as Aspartic Acid (Asp). Chemosensor L2, an isomer of L1, was able to selectively detect Ga3+ ion even in the presence of Al3+ ions and thus was able to discriminate between the two ions. The binding mode of chemosensors with analytes was substantiated through a combination of 1H NMR spectra, mass spectra, and DFT studies. The ‘turn-on’ nature of fluorescence sensing by the two chemosensors enabled the development of colorimetric detection, filter-paper-based test strips, and polystyrene film-based detection techniques.

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The present review discusses selected compounds based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); mainly those containing naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, triphenylene and perylene rings. The focus has been placed to highlight both properties and applications of such PAHcontaining compounds in gelation, aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and mechanochromism as well as in fluorescence sensing of assorted analytes.