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Human diseases due to A. paraphrophilus aren’t usual. The following case report describes the first isolated case of A. paraphrophilus brain abscess in our laboratory. A 9-year-old boy presented to pediatric emergencies for frontal headache, vomiting, blurred vision and left hemiparesis. Radiological diagnosis consists with a frontal abscess. Gram staining of purulent samples showed abundant neutrophils with gram negative bacilli. Culture was made on blood agar, chocolate agar, Chapman’s agar and incubated in 5% CO2 at 37°C for 24 hours. Positive culture was detected only on chocolate agar. It was monomicrobial with small yellowish non-hemolytic colonies. Gram stain of colonies showed pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. The strain required V factor for growth. The isolated strain was sensitive to all antibiotics tested.  The interest of this case is that it shows the emergence of A. paraphrophilus as a causative agent of brain abscesses on pediatric population without associated congenital heart disease. It may also help identifying risk factors of these infections and how to prevent them.

Cryptococcosis is a common fungal infection regarded as a disease of immunocompromised patients with high mortality. Cryptococcosis is usually observed in the central nervous system and lungs. However, other organs may be involved such as skin, soft tissue, and bones. Disseminated cryptococcosis is defined as fungemia or the involvement of two distinct sites. Here, we report the case of a 31-year-old female patient with disseminated cryptococcosis with neuro-meningeal and pulmonary involvement revealing a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Chest computed tomography scan showed a right apical excavated lesion, pulmonary nodules, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Concerning biological tests, hemoculture, sputum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture were positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. The latex agglutination test for cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen was positive in CSF and serum and HIV infection was confirmed by serological testing. The patient did not respond to initial antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. Despite the adaptation of antifungal treatment, the patient died of respiratory distress.

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