Due to tremendous growth in multimedia applications and services, people can easily create, distribute, broadcast and store information. The fact that multimedia content can be easily copied and tampered has motivated a large number of researchers to work upon devising content and image verification techniques using Perceptual Image Hashing (PIH). In PIH, essential features of an image are extracted and a hash is calculated which is used for image verification. A PIH scheme should be resilient to non-malicious manipulations and capable to detect minute level tampering. In this paper, a PIH technique using Laplacian pyramid is devised. Laplacian pyramids are multi-scale representations of an image and can be used to extract stable features. In the proposed scheme, two different pyramids are generated by using filters of different diameters. The difference of Laplacian is calculated to get a unique and robust hash. A number of experiments have been carried out to gauge the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results reveal that the proposed technique is robust against non-malicious manipulations and can detect minute level tampering.

We report a rare case of encephalitis that is not often described in clinical settings in neurology. Our case was 11-year-old female patient who had presented with features of meningoencephalitis, but not responded to the conventional treatment. Her magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in thalami, cerebellum and brainstem. The differentials in this age were infective and inflammatory causes of meningoencephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Paraneoplastic was another differential. Mycoplasma serology came out positive. As a result, diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoiae associated Rhombencephalitis was made based on diagnosis of exclusion.

Here, we report a case of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) of the spinal cord in the setting of nitrous oxide poisoning seen at the Medical Ward, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham Our patient was a 28-yearold lady who presented with impaired sensations in the lower limbs and difficulty walking for approximately one and a half months. Her clinical symptoms did not match common neurological conditions. Upon detailed history, she revealed that she had been frequently using nitrous oxide recreationally for several years. Although her baseline investigations were normal, her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed bilateral symmetrical T2 hyperintense signal changes in the dorsal columns extending from C2 to C6 spinal segment. Based on history, clinical findings, and MRI of the cervical spine, the diagnosis of SCD of the spinal cord was made, and her symptoms fully resolved with treatment.

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