From a 12CO ($J=1 \hbox{--} 0$) survey with the NANTEN telescope, we present a complete catalog of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. In total, 107 CO clouds have been identified, 55 of which were detected at more than 3 observed positions. For the 55 clouds, the physical properties, such as size, line-width, virial mass, and CO luminosity, are cataloged. From a statistical analysis of these quantities, we show that GMCs in the LMC are close to gravitational equilibrium. A comparison with H i data indicates that most of the CO clouds are distributed in dense parts of H i gas, whose H i column density is greater than $10^{21} \,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$. It is notable that the mass ratio of the molecular-to-atomic hydrogen of the lower radial velocity component of gas is $\sim 0.2$, which is a factor of 2 higher than that of the gaseous-disk component, $\sim 0.1$. Molecular clouds are apparently formed efficiently in the parent atomic clouds in the lower velocity component. The CO Arc, which is a few kpc scale ordered structure of CO clouds along the southern optical edge of the galaxy, corresponds well to the the lower velocity component of H i gas.

In recent years, sociological research on cosmopolitanism has begun to draw on Pierre Bourdieu to critically examine how cosmopolitanism is implicated in stratification on an increasingly global scale. In this paper, we examine the analytical potential of the Bourdieusian approach by exploring how education systems help to institutionalize cosmopolitanism as cultural capital whose access is rendered structurally unequal. To this end, we first probe how education systems legitimate cosmopolitanism as a desirable disposition at the global level, while simultaneously distributing it unequally among different groups of actors according to their geographical locations and volumes of economic, cultural, and social capital their families possess. We then explore how education systems undergird profitability of cosmopolitanism as cultural capital by linking academic qualifications that signal cosmopolitan dispositions with the growing number of positions that require extensive interactions with people of multiple nationalities.

We present molecular line observations toward the “Pipe Nebula” in the J = 1−0 lines of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O by using “NANTEN” telescope. An area of ∼ 27 deg2 was covered at a 4′ grid spacing with a 2′.7 beam in 12CO. The 12CO velocity-integrated intensity map and channel maps show a filamentary distribution. The total mass of the 12CO- and 13CO-emitting gas is estimated to be ∼ 10000 M⊙ and ∼ 3000 M⊙ , respectively. We have identified 14 C18O cores whose mass is typically ∼ 30 M⊙ . Star formation is active only in the B 59 region. This activity is best demonstrated by a newly detected CO outflow toward the center of B 59. We suggest that the dynamical effects of tau Sco may be responsible for triggering star formation only in the B 59 region. The C18O column density toward B 59 is extremely high compared with the rest of the cloud. This confirms that high C18O column density is a necessary condition of star formation as previously suggested. Although the star-formation efficiency is estimated to be quite low, ≲ 0.1%, except for B 59, the existence of the C18O cores suggests that there is molecular gas that is massive and dense enough to form stars, and that star formation is likely to occur in the near future.

We have carried out extensive 13CO(J = 1−0) observations toward 23 southern H II regions associated with bright-rimmed clouds. In total, 95 molecular clouds have been identified to be associated with the H II regions. Among the 95, 57 clouds \ are found to be associated with 204 IRAS point sources which are candidates for young stellar objects. There is a significant increase of star-formation efficiency on the side facing to the H II regions; the luminosity-to-mass ratio, defined as the ratio of the stellar luminosity to the molecular cloud mass, is higher by an order of magnitude on the near side of the H II regions than that on the far side. This indicates that molecular gas facing to the H II regions is more actively forming massive s\ tars whose luminosity is ≳103L⊙. In addition, the number density of the IRAS point sources increases by a factor of 2 on the near side of the H II regions compared with on the far side. These results strongly suggest that the active formation of massive stars on the near side of the H II regions is due to the effects of the H II regions, such as the compression of molecular material by the ionization/shock fronts. For the whole Galaxy, we estimate that the present star-formation rate under such effects is at least 0.2−0.4 M⊙ yr-1, corresponding to a few 10% by mass.

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