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Pentosidine is the most well-characterized advanced glycation end product (AGE). It has been measured by HPLC, although this approach cannot be adapted to analyze many clinical samples and is also time-consuming. Furthermore, the detection of pentosidine using a reported ELISA kit and HPLC system requires pretreatment by heating, which generates artificial pentosidine leading to overestimation. We developed a novel pentosidine ELISA system that don't require sample pretreatment for analyzing urine samples. We then analyzed the accuracy, precision, and reliability of this system. Urinary samples for analysis were obtained from healthy volunteers and stored urinary samples from the participants of the Nagano cohort study were also used. The LoB and LoD were 4.25 and 6.24 pmol/mL, respectively. Intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The spiking and dilution recoveries were 101.4% and 100.5%, respectively. Analysis of the cross-reactivities against seven compounds representative of AGEs and structurally similar to pentosidine showed no significant cross-reactivity. The correlation coefficient between the concentrations of pentosidine obtained from HPLC and ELISA for the same urine samples was r50.815. The urinary excretion of pentosidine upon overnight fasting was lower than that after a meal, suggesting the presence of diurnal variation in urinary pentosidine. In contrast, day-today variation was not observed. These results indicate that the ELISA system has sufficient reliability, accuracy, and precision for measuring urinary pentosidine. Sampling of fasting urine is suitable for minimizing variation. In conclusion, this ELISA system is promising to evaluate the effect of AGE on lifestyle-related diseases.

Among the analogues derived from galanin(1-]5)ol, [A1a6, D-Trp8]galanin(1-]5)ol was found to be a potent antagonist against the inhibitory effect of galanin on glucose or forskolin-induced insulin release from the isolated rat pancreas and rat insulinoma RINm5F cells. [Ala6, D-T1'p8] galanin(] -I 5)ol at 10" M suppressed the inhibitory effect of rat galanin (1O"9 M) on glucose-induced insulin release from the isolated rat pancreas. The analogue at 10"6 M also counteracted the inhibitory action of rat galanin on forskolin-stimulated insulin release in RINm5F cells.

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a direct sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum and plasma from guinea pig using mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for guinea-pig IgE. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against purified IgE protein. The ELISA was performed using a combination of two anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies. One antibody was labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the other was coated on polystyrene wells. Purified guinea-pig IgE was used as the standard material. The validity of the ELISA was confirmed by precision, dilution, recovery, and interference tests. The range of detection was 3.1 -800 ng of IgE mass per mL of serum and plasma. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.6% and 5.7%, respectively, or less. The recovery test showed variation only between 92.1% and 111.8%, and the anticoagulants showed noninterference with the IgE assay. The mean serum IgE mass concentration in OVA-sensitized guinea pigs was 29438 ng / mL, and it was 48.6 ng / mL in normal guinea pigs. The present ELISA is useful and practical for specific measurement of the guinea-pig IgE, and it is surmised that it would be suitable for use in allergological and pharmacological research.

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